Renal Dysfunction in Primary Hyperparathyroidism is associated with nephrolithiasis, elevated serum calcium-phosphate product and parathormone levels.

Purpose: Baseline renal dysfunction predicts mortality in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). However, it remains controversial whether renal insufficiency in PHPT is due to disease severity alone or other risk factors. This study aimed to explore the association of clinico-biochemical variables with renal dysfunction [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/m] in PHPT.

Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Benefits of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: A Consensus Statement.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) occurs in approximately 20-40% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with DKD have a higher risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and antihyperglycemic drugs form the mainstay of DKD management and aim to restrict progression to more severe stages of DKD.

Type 2 diabetes and influence of diabetes-specific distress on depression.

Aims: Common psycho-social emotional reactions of patients with diabetes may be termed as diabetes-specific distress which is conceptually distinctive from depression. In patients with type 2 diabetes, different screening methods for depression may get influenced by simultaneous presence of diabetes distress. This study was planned to assess magnitude and relationship of depression and diabetes specific distress in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Boy with central precocious puberty probably due to a peripheral cause.

A 6½ years Indian boy was brought by his parents, who were anxious about the excessive increase in the size of the boy's phallus, from the age of 2 years. On physical examination, the child had a penis length greater than the 97th centile for age, a sexual maturity rating of gonads at stage 2 and pubic hair at stage 3, with height in the high normal range (90-97th centile). The bone age was 12 years.

Comparison of Effectiveness and Safety of Add-on Therapy of Saroglitazar and Fenofibrate with Metformin in Indian Patients with Diabetic Dyslipidaemia.

Introduction: Diabetic dyslipidaemia poses a therapeutic challenge. New therapies have emerged in this patient subgroup to enhance outcome and improve compliance.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of add on therapy of saroglitazar and fenofibrate with metformin in Indian patients with diabetic dyslipidaemia.

A Florid Case of Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome Induced by Topical Steroid with Osteoporosis and Hypogonadism.

Here we report a case of a young male who developed full blown iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome after use of superpotent clobetasol propionate cream 0.05% for long duration to suppress psoriatic skin lesions. He also developed osteoporosis and hypogonadism.

Unusual presentation of Klinefelter syndrome.

Introduction: Klinefelter syndrome usually presents in the puberty and adulthood with its characteristic features. We report a boy who had Klinefelter syndrome with hypospadias and hydrocele.

Case Note: Six and half year old boy had complaints of genitourinary problem in the form of hypospadias, small phallus and hydrocele.

An unusual case of episodic quadriparesis.

The natural history of untreated asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) remains incompletely understood. Increased level of parathyroid hormone produces the characteristic biochemical phenotype of hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and the various clinical sequelae of chronic hypercalcemia. Periodic paralysis (PP) is a group of disorders of different etiologies with episodic, short-lived and hyporeflexic skeletal muscle weakness, with or without myotonia, but without sensory deficit and without loss of consciousness.

A case of normotensive pheochromocytoma with management dilemma.

Introduction: We report an unusual case of normotensive pheochromocytoma detected incidentally, presenting a pre-operative management problem.

Case Note: A 40-year-old lady with vague abdominal symptoms was initially discovered with a left adrenal incidentaloma by ultrasound abdomen, which was also revealed in computed tomography (CT). After exclusion of all the causes with possible necessary investigations, pheochromocytoma was confirmed with elevated 24 hour urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine.

A study on endocrine changes in patients in intensive care unit.

Pattern of endocrine changes in moderate to severely ill patients in a medical intensive care unit, correlation with the severity of illness and whether these changes can predict outcome of the critically ill patients were evaluated and studied in 80 patients admitted with acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score >10 and without any pre-existing endocrinopathies or on drugs likely to affect the endocrine axis. Adrenal insufficiency was present in 45%, and mortality was higher in those with lower (<15 microg/dl) and higher (>30 microg/dl) serum cortisol. Sick euthyroid syndrome was detected in 80%, and those with low mean T3 (<0.