Fat mimicking compounds as grease thickeners in Poly(ethylene glycol)/water: Adopting the solution from history.

Water-based lubricants are thought to be the next generation green lubricants, however, there are very few developments of aqueous grease lubricants. Here, water-based grease lubricants were developed using the food fat replacers. The concept of using fat replacers was inspired by the historical usage of fat as a lubricant.

Polyelectrolyte cellulose gel with PEG/water: Toward fully green lubricating grease.

Developing a fully green lubricant is an urgent need due to the growing consciousness of environmental protection and dwindling resources. In this work, fully green gel lubricants were developed out of cellulose derivatives as gelator and mixture of water and poly(ethylene glycol) 200 (PEG 200) as the base fluid. The non-ionic hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and anionic sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) were chosen to understand the effect of ionic and non-ionic gelators on the thermal, rheological and the tribological properties of the gel lubricant.

Comparative Evaluation of Nemoceph and Foxit PDF Reader for Steiner's Cephalometric Analysis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the values of Steiner's cephalometric analysis using Nemoceph and Foxit PDF Reader. No significant difference between the two methods will result in that Foxit PDF Reader can be used as a cost-effective alternative.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted on 100 digital lateral cephalograms taken from the same machine.

Malocclusion in individuals with mental subnormality--a review.

The occurrence of malocclusion in individuals with mental disability poses an additional obstacle to social acceptance; not only from an esthetic point of view, but also in that it compromises all aspects of oral function. This review examines the reported prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with mental subnormality including Down syndrome, from 1981 to 2013, assessed according to Angle's classification, the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and certain malocclusions. Although widely reported in many studies, it is still quite difficult to compare the exact proportion of occlusal anomalies and orthodontic treatment need among mentally challenged individuals.

Evaluation of friction in orthodontics using various brackets and archwire combinations-an in vitro study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare frictional resistance which was produced between conventional brackets (0.022 slot Otho-Organiser) and self ligating brackets (active Forestadent and passive Damon III) by using various arch wire combinations (0.016 Niti, 0.