Direct His-bundle pacing: present and future.

Direct His-bundle pacing (DHBP) produces rapid sequential multisite synchronous ventricular activation and, therefore, would be an ideal alternative to right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing. In 54 patients with cardiomyopathy, ejection fraction (EF) 0.23 +/- 0.

Association of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism with tachycardia cardiomyopathy.

Despite incessant tachycardia, not all patients develop tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy. The cardiac renin-angiotensin system may be involved in cardiac remodelling and fibrosis. The level of angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) in the serum is associated with a 287 bp insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene.