Adjunctive Intravitreal Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Moxifloxacin Therapy in Management of Intraocular Tubercular Granulomas.

Purpose: To report pre and post treatment levels of VEGF-A in the aqueous humour of patients with intraocular tubercular granulomas and study the effect of a combined intravitreal anti-VEGF bevacizumab and moxifloxacin therapy on their regression.

Methods: Aqueous samples of 10 consecutive patients with intraocular tubercular granulomas obtained before and after initiating treatment were subjected to ELISA for analysing intraocular VEGF-A levels. Intravitreal injections of bevacizumab and moxifloxacin were given weekly till complete regression of these granulomas.

Prevalence of Obesity in Inguinal Hernia Repair Patients in a Tertiary Care Center.

Introduction: Inguinal hernia is a common surgical problem, with a lifetime risk of 27% in men and 3% in women. Its cumulative incidence is 17.2% and 12.

Transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors generated concomitantly via small molecule-mediated differentiation rescues visual function in rodent models of retinal degeneration.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a result of degeneration/damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) while retinitis pigmentosa (RP), an inherited early-onset disease, results from premature loss of photoreceptors. A promising therapeutic approach for both is the replacement of lost/damaged cells with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived retinal cells.

Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo functionality of RPE and photoreceptor progenitor (PRP) cells derived from a clinical-grade hiPSC line through a unified protocol.

Primary ileal volvulus: a rare twist in an elderly patient-case report.

Background: Small bowel volvulus is a rare entity and it is even rarer for the ileum to undergo torsion without any known predisposing factors. It presents as acute abdomen with features of intestinal obstruction. As it is a life-threatening condition, it should be kept as a differential for small bowel obstruction despite its rarity.

Correlation of vascular endothelial growth factor with the clinical regression of tubercular granuloma.

Tubercular granulomas are a common manifestation of intraocular tuberculosis. These are said to be hypoxic granulomas with increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Management of these granulomas includes a combination of antitubercular therapy (ATT) and oral corticosteroids.

Evaluation of high-fat high-fructose diet treatment in factor VIII (coagulation factor)-deficient mouse model.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-like conditions enhance the production and action of clotting factors in humans. However, studies examining the effect of NAFLD due to high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet in factor VIII-deficient (haemophilia A) animals or patients have not been reported previously. In this study, we investigated the individual role of factor VIII in the progression of diet-induced NAFLD in the factor 8 (F8 ) mouse model system and its consequences on the haemophilic status of the mice.

Immunotherapy in Liver Diseases: A Balance Between Immunity and Tolerance.

In today's context when liver diseases have spread across countries and people of all ages, it is of high importance to consider novel methods of non-toxic and long lived therapeutics. Among various therapies, immunotherapy for acute and chronic liver diseases is rapidly moving to the forefront among treatment options in hepatology medicine. Liver has a unique immuno- biological advantage which is utilized to maintain a balance between immunity and tolerance.

Animal Models Correlating Immune Cells for the Development of NAFLD/NASH.

This review mainly elaborates on the animal models available for understanding the pathogenesis of the second hit of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involving immune system. This is known to be a step forward from simple steatosis caused during the first hit, which leads to the stage of inflammation followed by more serious liver conditions like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Immune-deficient animal models serve as an important tool for understanding the role of a specific cell type or a cytokine in the progression of NAFLD.

Final visual outcome following re exploration of cataracts performed by trainee surgeons in India.

Objective: To investigate the outcome of secondary intraocular lens implantation, compare final visual outcome between different categories of surgeon, and evaluate care provided by teaching hospitals to patients with capsular complications.

Setting: Teaching hospital.

Design: Retrospective study.