Nanopriming with phytofabricated selenium nanoparticles alleviates arsenite-induced oxidative stress in Spinacia oleracea L.

Arsenic (As) contamination of agricultural soil has become a major concern due to its adverse effects on plant growth and human health. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), a novel selenium (Se) source, are characterised by their exceptional biocompatibility, degradability, and bioactivities. In the present study, SeNPs were biogenically synthesised and further characterised using UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, and TEM analysis.

Physio-morphological and molecular characterization of ethyl methanesulfonate-derived mutant population of L. cv. (Wagad) for drought tolerance.

Unlabelled: This study investigates the response of ethyl methanesulfonate-derived twenty mutant lines of , along with the parent type Wagad cultivar, to drought stress. Physiological parameters, such as relative water content (RWC), net photosynthesis (), stomatal conductance ( ), transpiration rate (), and water use efficiency (), were examined. The mutant line mut_3219 exhibited superior drought tolerance, maintaining high RWC and water retention capacity, with minimal reductions in , , and , leading to higher than parent type and other mutant lines.

Endophytic bacilli from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. induces plant growth and drought tolerance.

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. (guar) is a commercially important crop known for its galactomannan content in seeds.

Alterations in plant anatomy and higher lignin synthesis provides drought tolerance in cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.].

Four contrasting varieties of guar, RGC-1002 and RGC-1038, drought tolerant, while, Sarada and RGC-936, drought sensitive, were monitored in watered and drought. The water status, phenolics, plant anatomy and transcript level of genes related to anatomical traits were assessed. The study aimed to decipher the anatomical adaptations of guar plants in response to water stress.

Indian Himalayan natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions with abolished miR158 levels exhibit robust miR173-initiated trans-acting cascade silencing.

Small RNAs (sRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are short 20-24-nucleotide non-coding RNAs. They are key regulators of gene expression in plants and other organisms. Several 22-nucleotide miRNAs trigger biogenesis cascades of trans-acting secondary siRNAs, which are involved in various developmental and stress responses.

Phytoremediation potential of Solanum viarum Dunal and functional aspects of their capitate glandular trichomes in lead, cadmium, and zinc detoxification.

In the present scenario, remediation of heavy metals (HMs) contaminated soil has become an important work to be done for the well-being of human and their environment. Phytoremediation can be regarded as an excellent method in environmental technologies. The present contemporary research explores the Solanum viarum Dunal function as a potential accumulator of hazardous HMs viz.

Endofungal Rhizobium species enhance arsenic tolerance in colonized host plant under arsenic stress.

Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid that is present in natural surroundings in many forms with severe consequences to sustainable agriculture and human health. Plant growth-promoting Rhizobia have been found involved in the induction of plant tolerance under various biotic and abiotic stresses. An endofungal Rhizobium species associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Serendipita indica deploy beneficial role in the promotion of plant growth and tolerance against various biotic and abiotic stresses.

Endophytic fungus Serendipita indica reduces arsenic mobilization from root to fruit in colonized tomato plant.

The accumulation of arsenic in crop plants has become a worldwide concern that affects millions of people. The major source of arsenic in crop plants is irrigation water and soil. In this study, Serendipita indica, an endophytic fungus, was used to investigate the protection against arsenic and its accumulation in the tomato plant.

A tau class glutathione-S-transferase (OsGSTU5) confers tolerance against arsenic toxicity in rice by accumulating more arsenic in root.

Arsenic (As) considered as one of the hazardous metalloid that hampers various physiological activities in rice. To study the mechanism of As tolerance in rice, one differentially expressed tau class glutathione-S-transferase (OsGSTU5) has been selected and transgenic rice plants with knockdown (KD) and overexpressing (OE) OsGSTU5 were generated. Our results suggested that KD lines became less tolerant to As stress than WT plants, while OE lines showed enhanced tolerance to As.

Physiological attributes associated with leaf spectral alterations in guar [ (L.) Taub.] under drought.

Unlabelled: Two contrasting guar varieties [ (L.) Taub.], RGC-1002-a better drought tolerant than RGC-936-a comparatively sensitive variety, were subjected to 8 days of water stress.

Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate alleviates arsenic toxicity by modulating its uptake and translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Methyl jasmonate (Me-JA) is a plant growth regulator known for modulating plant responses to various abiotic and biotic stresses. The unavoidable arsenic (As) contamination in rice (Oryza sativa) results in reduced crop yield and greater carcinogenic risk to humans. The present work examines the significance of Me-JA induced molecular signaling and tolerance towards arsenic toxicity in rice.

Overexpression of rice glutaredoxin genes LOC_Os02g40500 and LOC_Os01g27140 regulate plant responses to drought stress.

Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are small (10-15 kDa) glutathione (GSH) - dependent redox proteins. The role of Grxs are well documented in tolerance to heavy metal stress in prokaryotic and mammalian systems and a few plant genera, but is poorly understood in plants against drought. In the present study, two rice glutaredoxin (Osgrx) genes (LOC_Os02g40500 and LOC_Os01g27140) responsible for tolerance against heavy metal stress have been studied for investigating their role against drought.

Over-expression of chickpea glutaredoxin (CaGrx) provides tolerance to heavy metals by reducing metal accumulation and improved physiological and antioxidant defence system.

Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are small multifunctional redox proteins. Grxs have glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase activity in the presence of glutathione reductase and NADPH. The role of Grxs is well studied in heavy metal tolerance in prokaryotic and mammalian systems but not in plant genera.

Bacterial endophytes modulates the withanolide biosynthetic pathway and physiological performance in Withania somnifera under biotic stress.

Despite the vast exploration of endophytic microbes for growth enhancement in various crops, knowledge about their impact on the production of therapeutically important secondary metabolites is scarce. In the current investigation, chitinolytic bacterial endophytes were isolated from selected medicinal plants and assessed for their mycolytic as well as plant growth promoting potentials. Among them the two most efficient bacterial endophytes namely Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (MPE20) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (MPE115) individually as well as in combination were able to modulate withanolide biosynthetic pathway and tolerance against Alternaria alternata in Withania somnifera.

Modulations in primary and secondary metabolic pathways and adjustment in physiological behaviour of Withania somnifera under drought stress.

In general medicinal plants grown under water limiting conditions show much higher concentrations of secondary metabolites in comparison to control plants. In the present study, Withania somnifera plants were subjected to water stress and data related to drought tolerance phenomenon was collected and a putative mechanistic concept considering growth responses, physiological behaviour, and metabolite content and gene expression aspects is presented. Drought induced metabolic and physiological responses as well as drastic decrease in CO uptake due to stomatal limitations.

Physiological performance of two contrasting rice varieties under water stress.

Two rice varieties PR-115 and Super-7 were imposed to water stress and different physiological traits were monitored to evaluate the performance of these varieties under drought. Under water stress condition although the relative water content, osmotic potential, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, carbon discrimination and biomass decreased in both the varieties however, the reduction was more pronounced in Super-7 variety. Oryzanol a trans-ester of ferulic acid functions as antioxidant and it increased along with total phenolic and anthocyanin content in both the varieties under drought stress.

Expression of Rice CYP450-Like Gene (Os08g01480) in Arabidopsis Modulates Regulatory Network Leading to Heavy Metal and Other Abiotic Stress Tolerance.

Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a grave problem in the world since it leads to hazardous effects on living organisms. Transcriptomic/proteomic studies in plants have identified a large number of metal-responsive gene families. Of these, cytochrome-P450 (CYPs) family members are composed of enzymes carrying out detoxification of exogenous molecules.