Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in silk fibroin/chitosan/glycosaminoglycan scaffolds under dynamic culture condition.

Cartilage tissue damage and diseases are the most common clinical situation that occurs because of aging and injury, thereby causing pain and loss of mobility. The inability of cartilage tissue to self-repair is instrumental in developing tissue engineered substitutes. To this effect, the present study aims to engineer cartilage construct by culturing umbilical cord blood-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on novel 3D porous scaffolds developed from natural biopolymers, silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS), with addition of cartilage matrix components, glucosamine (Gl) and chondroitin sulfate (Ch).

Silk fibroin coated TiO nanotubes for improved osteogenic property of Ti6Al4V bone implants.

Titanium and its alloys especially Ti6Al4V have long been used in biomedical implants. Although, Ti6Al4V is biocompatible, yet there has been consistent effort to improve its osteoconductive and osteogenic property to enhance the implant performance. In this regard, surface modification of Ti6Al4V implants with TiO nanotubes and subsequent application of biopolymeric coating has started emerging as a promising approach.

Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on silk fibroin:chitosan-glucosamine scaffold in dynamic culture.

Aim: Cartilage damage is a common age-related problem that leads to progressive proteoglycan loss. Glucosamine stimulates proteoglycan synthesis and, therefore, its effect on the cartilage extracellular matrix synthesis over silk fibroin:chitosan (SF:CS) tissue-engineered scaffold was investigated for cartilage construct generation.

Materials & Methods: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured and differentiated over SF:CS-glucosamine porous scaffold, under dynamic culture condition in spinner flask bioreactor.

Evaluation and Optimization of Organic Acid Pretreatment of Cotton Gin Waste for Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Bioethanol Production.

This paper investigates the efficiency of the organic acids on the pretreatment of an industrially generated cotton gin waste for the removal of lignin, thereby releasing cellulose and hemicellulose as fermentable sugar components. Cotton gin waste was pretreated with various organic acids namely lactic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and maleic acid. Among these, maleic acid was found to be the most efficient producing maximum xylose sugar (126.

Preparation and characterization of gelatin-chitosan-nanoβ-TCP based scaffold for orthopaedic application.

The primary aim of this study was to fabricate gelatin/chitosan/β-TCP (GCT) composite scaffold to improve its compressive mechanical behaviour and in-vivo biocompatibility with predictable degradation rate. Beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) powder was synthesized in size range between 70-100 nm using aqueous precipitation route at a fixed Ca/P molar ratio of 1.5:1 at pH 10 and after subsequent heat treatment of as precipitated powder at 800 °C for 4 hours.

Enhanced chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells over silk fibroin/chitosan-chondroitin sulfate three dimensional scaffold in dynamic culture condition.

Chondroitin sulfate (Ch) is one of the main structural components of cartilage tissue, therefore, its presence in tissue engineered scaffold is expected to enhance cartilage regeneration. Previously, silk fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) blend was proven to be a potential biomaterial for tissue development. In this study, the effect of Ch on physicochemical and biological properties of SF/CS blend was investigated and scaffolds with 0.

In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition.

Cartilage construct generation includes a scaffold with appropriate composition to mimic matrix of the damaged tissue on which the stem cells grow and differentiate. In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold.

Ethno-Herbal-Medico in Wound Repair: An Incisive Review.

Wound healing/cicatrization is a complex series of intricate processes that involve renewal of skin/epidermis after injury. A large number of ethno-medicinal plants/plant extracts are used by tribal and folklore traditions in developing world for the treatment of wounds, burns and cuts in distinct appearances. Moreover, plants/plant extracts have a significant history and successful clinical track record as indigenous drugs in wound repair systems.

Biological and mechanical evaluation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based composites reinforced with 1D, 2D and 3D carbon biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration.

Considering the fact that life on Earth is carbon based, carbon materials are being introduced in biological systems. However, very limited information exists concerning the potential effects of different structures of carbon materials on biological systems. In the present study, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based carbonaceous composites were developed by reinforcing 1 wt% of three different carbon-based materials i.

Chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers by free surface electrospinning for tissue engineering applications.

Deformities in tissues and organs can be treated by using tissue engineering approach offering the development of biologically functionalized scaffolds from a variety of polymer blends which mimic the extracellular matrix and allow adjusting the material properties to meet the defect architecture. In recent years, research interest has been shown towards the development of chitosan (CS) based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications, because of its minimal foreign body reactions, intrinsic antibacterial property, biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to be molded into various geometries and forms thereby making it suitable for cell ingrowth and conduction. The present work involves the fabrication of nanofibrous scaffold from CS and poly(vinyl alcohol) blends by free-surface electrospinning method.

Photo-mediated green synthesis of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of two mangrove plant species, Heritiera fomes and Sonneratia apetala and investigation of their biomedical applications.

Green synthesis by using biological agents has been a simple and effective approach for the synthesis of various forms of nanoparticles. The present investigation was intended to synthesis Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs under photo-condition using the aqueous extracts of two mangrove plants namely Heritiera fomes and Sonneratia apetala and evaluate their potential biomedical applications. The formation of nanoparticles in aqueous solution of H.

Serum-free non-toxic freezing solution for cryopreservation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective: To develop a cost-effective, non-toxic and xeno-free freezing solution for the preservation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSC) with a long shelf-life.

Results: The potential of various hydrocolloids and organic osmolytes as cryoprotectants and individual components of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as carrier media were evaluated to formulate a freezing solution for the cryopreservation of hADSCs. Among the hydrocolloids, the highest viability, 55 %, was achieved with post-thawed (after 48 h storage at -80 °C) hADSCs cryopreserved in 10 % (v/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) using PBS as carrier media.

Preparation and Evaluation of Gelatin-Chitosan-Nanobioglass 3D Porous Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering.

The aim of the present study was to prepare and characterize bioglass-natural biopolymer based composite scaffold and evaluate its bone regeneration ability. Bioactive glass nanoparticles (58S) in the size range of 20-30 nm were synthesized using sol-gel method. Porous scaffolds with varying bioglass composition from 10 to 30 wt% in chitosan, gelatin matrix were fabricated using the method of freeze drying of its slurry at 40 wt% solids loading.

Optimization and evaluation of silk fibroin-chitosan freeze-dried porous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering application.

Silk fibroin/chitosan blend has been reported to be an attractive biomaterial that provides a 3D porous structure with controllable pore size and mechanical property suitable for tissue engineering applications. However, there is no systematic study for optimizing the ratio of silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) which seems to influence the scaffold property to a great extent. The present research, therefore, investigates the effect of blend ratio of SF and CS on scaffold property and establishes the optimum value of blend ratio.

Cobalt doped proangiogenic hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering application.

The present study delineates the synthesis and characterization of cobalt doped proangiogenic-osteogenic hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite samples, doped with varying concentrations of bivalent cobalt (Co(2+)) were prepared by the ammoniacal precipitation method and the extent of doping was measured by ICP-OES. The crystalline structure of the doped hydroxyapatite samples was confirmed by XRD and FTIR studies.

Antimicrobial activity of iron oxide nanoparticle upon modulation of nanoparticle-bacteria interface.

Investigating the interaction patterns at nano-bio interface is a key challenge for safe use of nanoparticles (NPs) to any biological system. The study intends to explore the role of interaction pattern at the iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)-bacteria interface affecting antimicrobial propensity of IONP. To this end, IONP with magnetite like atomic arrangement and negative surface potential (n-IONP) was synthesized by co-precipitation method.

Autophagy protein Ulk1 promotes mitochondrial apoptosis through reactive oxygen species.

Regardless of rapid progression in the field of autophagy, it remains a challenging task to understand the cross talk with apoptosis. In this study, we overexpressed Ulk1 in HeLa cells and evaluated the apoptosis-inducing potential of the Ulk1 gene in the presence of cisplatin. The gain of function of Ulk1 gene showed a decline in cell viability and colony formation in HeLa cells.

Evaluation extracellular matrix-chitosan composite films for wound healing application.

The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. The films were prepared by varying the ECM content, whereas, the amount of chitosan was kept constant. The interactions amongst the components of the films were analyzed by FTIR and XRD studies.

Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in freeze-gelled chitosan/nano β-tricalcium phosphate porous scaffolds crosslinked with genipin.

The objective of this work was to investigate material properties and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in genipin (GN) crosslinked chitosan/nano β-tricalcium phosphate (CS/nano β-TCP) scaffolds, and compare the results with tripolyphosphate (TPP) crosslinked scaffolds. Porous crosslinked CS/nano β-TCP scaffolds were produced by freeze-gelation using GN (CBG scaffold) and TPP (CBT scaffold) as crosslinkers. The prepared CBT and CBG scaffolds were characterized with respect to porosity, pore size, water content, wettability, compressive strength, mass loss, and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.

Myoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on graphene oxide and electrospun graphene oxide-polymer composite fibrous meshes: importance of graphene oxide conductivity and dielectric constant on their biocompatibility.

Recently graphene and graphene based composites are emerging as better materials to fabricate scaffolds. Addition of graphene oxide (GO) nanoplatelets (GOnPs) in bioactive polymers was found to enhance its conductivity (σ) and, dielectric permittivity (ϵ) along with biocompatibility. In this paper, human cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (CB-hMSCs) were differentiated to skeletal muscle cells (hSkMCs) on spin coated thin GO sheets composed of GOnPs and on electrospun fibrous meshes of GO-PCL (poly-caprolactone) composite.

Calcium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose beads for colon-targeted drug delivery.

The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. Here, we exploited pH responsive swelling, mucoadhesivity and colonic microflora-catered biodegradability of the formulations for colon-specific drug delivery. The CA-CMC beads were prepared by ionic gelation method and its physicochemical characterization was done by SEM, XRD, EDAX, DSC and texture analyzer.