Nuances of Cohort Studies and Risk Ratio.

Post-graduate students and faculty usually conduct case-control studies. However, sometimes they conduct cohort studies that are short-duration. Most investigators enroll the participants in two groups according to the exposure.

Screening and diagnosis of COPD and asthma based on government guidelines empowering peripheral health workers in Pune district Maharashtra, India: A study protocol.

COPD is the second leading cause of death in India. The guidelines for early detection of COPD were released by the Government of India in 2019. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, its implementation could not be optimal.

Chronic respiratory diseases: A rapidly emerging public health menace.

Chronic respiratory diseases, especially the common chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, are increasing at a swift pace. Although smoking is the most typical risk factor globally, indoor and outdoor air pollution is more important in India. Deaths due to COPD have been next to coronary heart disease since 2014.

Relative risk of postpartum maternal morbidity among cesarean-delivered women: A multisite prospective cohort study in a large district, India.

Introduction: Family doctors manage mild to moderate postpartum morbidities that do not receive attention. The morbidities are higher after cesareans, which are increasing in number. The aim was to calculate the relative risk of various maternal morbidities occurring during 6 months postpartum among cesarean-delivered women in Pune District, India.

SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections during the second wave of COVID-19 at Pune, India.

Breakthrough infections following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination remain the global concern. The current study was conducted during the second wave of COVID-19 (1st March-7th July 2021) in Pune, India, at two tertiary care hospitals. Of the 6,159 patients diagnosed as COVID-19, 372/2,210 (16.

Effect of bacterial vaginosis on preterm birth: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: Bacterial vaginosis is a common genital tract disorder. It can lead to preterm birth, but its contribution is equivocal. Bacterial vaginosis is curable and, if diagnosed and appropriately treated, may reduce preterm births.

Perceptions of and challenges faced by primary healthcare workers about preconception services in rural India: A qualitative study using focus group discussion.

Background: Providing preconception care through healthcare workers at the primary health care level is a crucial intervention to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes, consequently reducing neonatal mortality. Despite the availability of evidence, this window of opportunity remains unaddressed in many countries, including India. The public health care system is primarily accessed by rural and tribal Indian population.

Prevalence of preconception risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome among women from tribal and non-tribal blocks in Nashik district, India: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Although critical, the preconception phase in women's lives is comparatively ignored. The presence of some risk factors during this phase adversely affects the wellbeing of the woman and the pregnancy outcome. The study objectives were to measure the prevalence of various known risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome in the preconception period of women and their comparison between blocks.

Time dependent decline of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients from Pune, India and evidence of reinfection.

Purpose: To assess modulation of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients and understand association of variables such as age, presence of comorbidity, BMI and gender with antibody titers.

Methods: Patients (n = 100) diagnosed from 20th March 2020 to 17th August 2020 and treated at two large hospitals from Pune, India were included and followed up (clinical and serologic) for varied periods. IgG-anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Spike protein-based ELISA) and neutralizing antibody titers (NAb, PRNT) were determined in all the samples.

Coherence between Existing System of Defining Urban Poor with Kuppuswamy and Hashim's System; Which is More Relevant?

Background: Identification of below poverty line (BPL) households is of paramount importance to provide benefits under poverty alleviation and other programs.

Objectives: (1) To assess households in urban slums in terms of housing, assets, and amenities. (2) To compare three different systems of socioeconomic status (SES) - ration card holders, Modified Kuppuswamy Scale, and Hashim's system.

Meager Perception of Preconception Care Among Women Desiring Pregnancy in Rural Areas: A Qualitative Study Using Focus Group Discussions.

India has the second-highest number of under-five deaths in any country in the world. WHO and the Government of India recommended the rollout of preconception care (PCC) to reduce maternal and child mortality. However, very few countries, including India, have started a comprehensive package of PCC services.

Association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and preceding risk factors: a cross-sectional study from Nashik District, India.

Background: The preconception phase of women's life cycle is critical but comparatively ignored. The presence of health risks is judged as hazardous to the wellbeing of women and their offspring. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of various pregnancy outcomes and assess the association between certain risk factors and adverse outcomes.

Assessment of difference in postpartum depression among caesarean and vaginally delivered women at 6-week follow-up in hospitals in Pune District, India: an observational cohort study.

Objectives: To compare the proportion of postpartum depression at 6 weeks among women who had caesarean delivery and women who had vaginal delivery and to assess its association with some sociodemographic factors.

Design: This is a descriptive comparative study with prospective enrolment. We followed the enrolled women and assessed them for postpartum depression 6 weeks after delivery.

Risk of non-resumption of vaginal sex and dyspareunia among cesarean-delivered women.

Context: Many women have postpartum sexual dysfunction. The mode of delivery is an important determinant.

Aims: To calculate the risk ratio of non-resumption of vaginal sex and dyspareunia during the postpartum period among cesarean-delivered women.

Block-wise comprehensive health index in Gadchiroli: A tribal district in Maharashtra.

Background: The National Health Mission expects bottom-up approach for preparing Project Implementation Plan and also expects special attention toward tribal areas. Some district-level health information is available from national health surveys, but subdistrict-level information is mostly not available. Gadchiroli is the farthest district from the state capital.

Decline and disparity in maternal mortality in pre- and post-national health mission period in India.

Country- and state-wise maternal mortality shows the highest disparity among health statistics. The erstwhile National Rural Health Mission. (NRHM) in India aimed reduction in maternal mortality ratio.

Comprehensive Index for Community Health Assessment of Typical District Administrative Units in Maharashtra State, India.

Background: Health administrators require status of health of different administrative units under them. Use of large number of indicators may create confusion and uncertainty about health status. Availability of a comprehensive index is certainly useful.