Intracellular inflammatory signalling cascades in human monocytic cells on challenge with phytohemagglutinin and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol.

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is a plant mitogen that can agglutinate human leukocytes and erythrocytes. PHA is mainly derived from red kidney beans and can act as an exogenous pyrogen. When entering into the blood circulation, exogenous pyrogens principally interact with monocytes and macrophages and induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Effect of cyanide ions (CN-) extracted from cassava (Manihotesculenta Crantz) on Alveolar Epithelial Cells (A549 cells).

Cassava (Manihotesculenta Crantz) is one of the most important root crops in tropical countries. It is a major source of cyanogenic glycosides viz. linamarin and lotaustralin, and these on breakdown liberate HCN and ketone.

Toxicity of dextran stabilized fullerene C against C6 Glial cells.

Elevated application potential of fullerene C paved the way to think on its adverse effect when it reaches to biological system and environment. Though fullerenes are insoluble in water, various strategies are employed to make it soluble. Method of solubilization with organic solvents, yield cytotoxic responses both in vitro and in vivo.

Cytoskeletal synchronization of CHO cells with polymer functionalized fullerene C.

Recent developments in the field of fullerene C and its derivatives suggest its suitability in a wide range of applications ranging from photovoltaic instruments, development of solar based cells, cosmetics to enzyme inhibition treatment, and so on. These innovative applications raised possibilities of intentional or oblivious human-particle contact leading to possible deleterious effects on human health. The current study deals with the interaction of dextran functionalized fullerene C (Dex-C) on Chinese Hamster Ovary cells.

Bio-interactions and risks of engineered nanoparticles.

Nano technological research offered uncountable opportunities for engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in the field of biomedical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, cosmetics, textiles, automobiles and electronic industry. Large scale commercial production and use of nanoparticles with smaller size and characteristic physico-chemical properties enhance the possibility of amenable toxicity to the environment. Primary important species of the ecosystem like bacteria, algae, fishes and plants are at high risk with nanoparticle (NP) toxicity.

Comprehensive biology of antipyretic pathways.

Pyrogens, the fever inducing substances accidently enter into a human body through contamination from medical or pharmaceutical products may create mild to severe complications including septicaemia and shocking syndromes. To avoid such drastic situations all the pharmaceuticals and medical devices are analysed for presence of pyrogens prior to their release into market. The entry of exogenous pyrogens like bacterial endotoxins induces the release of endogenous pyrogens or inflammatory cytokines that activate immune system to defend against these pathogens.

Pyrogens, a polypeptide produces fever by metabolic changes in hypothalamus: Mechanisms and detections.

Fever is one of the cardinal symptoms of onset of an infection or inflammation and is the common clinical indicator for medical consultation in mammalian host worldwide. Simply, fever manifested with elevation of body temperature from normal physiological range represents adaptive response of immune system on challenge with an infectious and non-infectious circumstance. Fever usually initiated in the periphery as a result of interaction of immune cells with exogenous or endogenous pyrogens.