Expression of CD45 in non-hematopoietic cells: implications in regenerative medicine and disease management.

CD45 plays a crucial role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. However, a comprehensive understanding of its role in cells is lacking. Several tissue precursors express CD45, indicating its crucial role in tissue regeneration.

Signal transduction pathways alter the molecular cargo of extracellular vesicles: implications in regenerative medicine.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess regenerative properties and are also considered as future vaccines. All types of cells secrete EVs; however, the amount of EVs secreted by the cells varies under various physiological as well as pathological states. Several articles have reviewed the molecular composition and potential therapeutic applications of EVs.

Beyond animal models: revolutionizing neurodegenerative disease modeling using 3D in vitro organoids, microfluidic chips, and bioprinting.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by uncontrolled loss of neuronal cells leading to a progressive deterioration of brain functions. The transition rate of numerous neuroprotective drugs against Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease, leading to FDA approval, is only 8-14% in the last two decades. Thus, in spite of encouraging preclinical results, these drugs have failed in human clinical trials, demonstrating that traditional cell cultures and animal models cannot accurately replicate human pathophysiology.

Priming mesenchymal stromal cells with neurotrophic factors boosts the neuro-regenerative potential of their secretome.

To explore the neuroprotective potential of the secretome (conditioned medium, CM) derived from neurotrophic factors-primed mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs; primed CM) using an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced model system. Establishment of ER-stressed model, immunofluorescence microscopy, real-time PCR, western blot. Exposure of ER-stressed Neuro-2a cells to the primed-CM significantly restored the neurite outgrowth parameters and improved the expression of neuronal markers like and in them compared with the naive CM.

Secretome of Young Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Rejuvenates Aged Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Normalizing Their Phenotype and Restoring Their Differentiation Profile.

During aging, the proliferation and differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) gets affected, and hence, aged MSCs are not preferred for regenerative purposes. Rapid identification of aging-associated changes within MSCs and the mechanistic pathways involved are necessary to determine optimal cell sources to treat musculoskeletal disorders in older patients. In the present study, we have identified a set of phenotypic markers, namely downregulated expression of CD90 and upregulated expression of CD45, as age-defining markers for the bone marrow-derived MSCs.

Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived secretome protects Neuro-2a cells from oxidative stress-induced loss of neurogenesis.

Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are characterized by debilitating medical conditions that principally affect the neuronal cells in the human brain. One of the major reasons that there are no effective drugs for the treatment of ND is because researchers face technical challenges while conducting studies to understand the molecular mechanism behind ND. Although various studies have established in vitro neurodegenerative model systems, we feel that these model systems are not physiologically relevant, as they do not mimic the in vivo situation of chronic insult.

Extracellular vesicles isolated from mesenchymal stromal cells primed with neurotrophic factors and signaling modifiers as potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a progressive and irreversible loss of neuronal cells leading to cognitive impairments and memory loss. Despite being a powerful tool for clinical applications, the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) imposes several challenges in terms of delivery, safety and variability. MSCs exert their regenerative effects through a paracrine mode of action, also known as the secretome that is composed of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteins and extracellular vesicles - namely the microvesicles and the exosomes.