Systems pharmacology aiding benzimidazole scaffold as potential lead compounds against leishmaniasis for functional therapeutics.

Systems pharmacology helps to understand the complex relationships between biological systems, drugs, and infection model; Leishmania major being one of them. It has aided the drug discovery process by addressing the concerns about economic stress, drug toxicity, and the emergence of resistance. Two million new leishmaniasis cases are reported annually, and >350 million people are at risk globally due to the parasite Leishmania.

Mechanobiology of immune cells: Messengers, receivers and followers in leishmaniasis aiding synthetic devices.

Cytokines are influential molecules which can direct cells behavior. In this review, cytokines are referred as messengers, immune cells which respond to cytokine stimulus are referred as receivers and the immune cells which gets modulated due to their plasticity induced by infectious pathogen leishmania, are referred as followers. The advantage of plasticity of cells is taken by the parasite to switch them from parasite eliminating form to parasite survival favoring form through a process called as reciprocity which is undergone by cytokines, wherein pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory switch occur rendering immune cell population to switch their phenotype.

Deciphering miR-520c-3p as a probable target for immunometabolism in non-small cell lung cancer using systems biology approach.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is considered to have more than 80% of all lung cancer cases, making it the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. MicroRNA (miRNA) deregulation has been seen often in NSCLC and has been linked to the disease's genesis, progression, and metastasis via affecting their target genes.

Materials And Methods: Our study focused on the functionality of down-regulated miRNAs in NSCLC.

Probing the Interactions Responsible for the Structural Stability of Trypanothione Reductase Through Computer Simulation and Biophysical Characterization.

With the necessity to develop antileishmanial drugs with substrate specificity, trypanothione reductase (TryR) has gained popularity in parasitology. TryR is unique to be present only in trypanosomatids and is functionally similar to glutathione in mammals. It protects against oxidative stress exerted by the host defense mechanism.

Systems Studies Uncover miR-146a as a Target in Infection Model.

Leishmaniasis, the second most neglected tropical disease, has been reported to affect approximately 12 million people worldwide. The causative protozoan parasite has shown drug resistance to available chemotherapies, owing to which we need to look for better approaches to deal with the clinical situations. As per recent reports, several miRNAs have been found to be differentially expressed during infection in host macrophages.

Systems-synthetic biology in understanding the complexities and simple devices in immunology.

Systems and synthetic biology in the coming era has the ability to manipulate, stimulate and engineer cells to counteract the pathogenic immune response. The inherent biological complexities associated with the creation of a device allow capitalizing the biotechnological resources either by simply administering a recombinant cytokine or just reprogramming the immune cells. The strategy outlined, adopted and discussed may mark the beginning with promising therapeutics based on the principles of synthetic immunology.