Homocysteine and nutritional biomarkers in cognitive impairment.

Cognitive impairment is a progressive disorder that affects the ageing population. With the increase in the mean age of our population, it is becoming a public health problem. Homocysteinemia has been implicated in cognitive impairment.

High-dose anti-snake venom versus low-dose anti-snake venom in the treatment of poisonous snake bites--a critical study.

Objectives: To asses the optimum dose of anti-snake venom to treat snake bites cases effectively. This is particulary relevant in the present scenario when the cost of anti-snake venom ( Serum Institute of India) has gone up to nearly Rs. 400 per vial and the cross-section of people usually affected belong to the poor socioeconomic class.

Trial of heparin in viper bites.

Aims Of The Study: Viper bites produce hematotoxicity and coagulopathy which may be either true disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or DIC-like syndrome. Role of heparin is studied in the present study of viper bite cases as use of heparin provides a rational therapy for defibrination caused by viper envenomation.

Methodology: One hundred and twenty two patients with viper bite and incoagulable blood were randomised into test group and control group.

Morphological and metabolic responses of embryonic hearts to administration of exogenous L-thyroxine.

Injection of 1 microgram L-thyroxine (T4) into the yolk sacs of embryonated chicken eggs at 3 to 6 days of incubation not only induced cardiomegaly but also instigated more rapid differentiation of the heart as an organ and of the individual myocytes per se. Myocytes showed evidence of responding to this dose of exogenous T4 as early as 5 to 6 days of incubation, even though endogenous T4 was not normally forthcoming (in amounts sufficient to provoke organ changes) until 11 to 12 days of incubation. By 7 days of incubation the hearts, conditioned by a single 1 microgram dose of T4, exhibited larger areas occupied by myofibrillar material than controls.

Effects of thyroxine on mitochondrial morphology and uptake of 35S in embryonic chicken livers.

Ultrastructural analyses of reactions of mitochondria in hepatocytes of chicken embryos to low levels of exogenous thyroxine (T4) reveal that such reactions (overall swelling accompanied by disruption of crest geometry) first take place at about 10 days of incubation, T4 having been administered on the 6th day. Physically altered mitochondria may be seen after 11-12 days of incubation but are no longer evident by 13 days. Correlated with the initial evidence of T4 effects on mitochondria at 10 days of incubation is a spurt in hepatocyte proliferation.

Ultrastructure of thymus and liver following adrenalectomy and replacement adrenal hormone therapy in rats.

Prior research in this laboratory has shown that dexamethasone, aldosterone, and epinephrine interact in regulating the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.

Effects of minute doses of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate disodium salt (nabam) and its degradative products on connective tissue envelopes of the notochord in Xenopus: an ultrastructural study.

The fungicide ethylenebisdithiocarbamate disodium salt (nabam) at 40 or 100 micrograms/l has deleterious effects on the survival of Xenopus laevis embryos. The tissues of the notochordal enveloping layer show definite alterations at the ultrastructural level. There is a significant reduction or absence of the collagen fibres of the outer connective tissue cells.

Production of VLDL and vitellogenin(s) in oestrogen-challenged hypothyroid chickens.

Compared with normal control birds of the same breed, obese strain (OS) White Leghorn chickens, exhibiting classical symptoms of hypothyroidism, were generally half as responsive to an oestrogen challenge in terms of synthesis of VLDL and vitellogenins, despite having livers which were, on the average, twice as large. Even the few OS birds which were laying eggs and therefore enjoying a degree of thyroid function, failed to exhibit normal responses to hyperdynamic doses of oestrogens. However, simultaneous injections of triiodothyronine (T3), in the physiological range, and hyperdynamic doses of oestrogenic substances (Ayerst Co.

Serum lipids and lipoproteins in hypothyroidism.

Obese strain (OS) chickens hatched in the NIU vivarium were observed, primarily with respect to serum lipid and lipoprotein parameters, over a period of 36 weeks. The hypothyroid birds began to show differences in total serum lipids as compared to non-OS controls as early as 4 weeks post-hatching. All lipaemic chickens displayed lack (or deficiency) of thyroid tissue.

Regulation of ODC activity in the thymus and liver of rats by adrenal hormones.

The activity of L-ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.

The role of the jelly coat in amino acid transport in embryos of Bombina orientalis.

The obligatory role of the jelly coat for maximal transport of all amino acids, including those found to be jelly coat-independent in Xenopus laevis embryos, has been shown in Bombina orientalis embryos. Amino acid transport in dejellied embryos (without fertilization membrane and jelly coats) of Bombina, reconstituted with either intact or homogenized jelly coats, was similar to the values in normal embryos. Amino acid transport in totally dejellied embryos, and those surrounded with fertilization membrane only, was similar.

Precocious synthesis of oestrogen-induced vitellogenin by embryos pre-treated with thyroid hormones.

Treatment of 9-day-old chicken embryos with oestrogen results in only barely detectable amounts of induced vitellogenin being present in their sera after 13 days of incubation. Readily detectable amounts of vitellogenin are normally first seen in sera at 16 days of incubation (oestrogen having been administered at 12 days of incubation). However, pre-treatment of such embryos (those above) with thyroxine (T4) at 6-8 days of incubation results in substantial amounts of vitellogenin being present in sera of 14-day-old embryos, with slight increases being detected on the 13th day.

Thyroid hormone-induced precocious growth and maturation of the embryonic chicken liver.

The effects of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3) on the ontogeny of chicken embryonic liver were studied. Two micrograms of T4 administered to chicken embryos, prior to day 11 of incubation, was found to be least toxic and effective in increasing liver weights, total protein and DNA and RNA, over those of controls. A non-toxic dose of T4 (0.

The effects of paraquat on neonatal rat lung: a histological and biochemical study.

The effects of paraquat on morphological, histological, and biochemical parameters in neonatal rat lung were studied. One-day-old rat pups were injected (IP) with 25 mg paraquat per kg body weight and sacrificed after 24 hr. At the end of the experimental period, the body weight in control and herbicide-treated animals slightly increased and decreased, respectively.

Limbless: a new genetic mutant in the chick.

A mutation in the chicken resulting in total amelia is described. Genetic analysis indicates that the limbless condition is due to an autosomal recessive gene. In the limbless embryos the apical ectodermal ridge is lacking.

Uptake of iodide into growing chicken oocytes.

Sodium 125iodide was injected intraperitoneally into laying hens and two modes of experimentation utilized to determine the nature of its distribution into plasma and yolk compartments.

Response of the Mongolian gerbil uterus to oestradiol-17beta at various times after ovariectomy.

Treatment of ovariectomized gerbils with 2 microng oestradiol-17beta/day for 3 days resulted in decreasing alkaline phosphatase activity in the uterus at 15 days, 30 days 3 months and 18 months. Relative uterine weight decreased at 3 months but increased at 18 months.

The deleterious effects of fungicides and herbicides on Xenopus laevis embryos.

Groups of 30 Xenopus laevis embryos, at "tail-bud" stage (Nieukoop-Faber stages 22-24) were exposed to 0.1-2 ppm concentrations of various pesticides for 1 to 10 days. The pesticides used were chloranil and dichlone (both are fungicidal and herbicidal); diquat (herbicide); and nabam (fungicide).

The effects of 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10-hexachloro-1, 4, 4a, 5, 8, 8a-hexahydroxy endo, exo-5, 8-dimethionaphthalene (aldrin) and sodium ethylenebisdithiocarbomate (nabam) on the chick.

Fertile White Leghorn chicken eggs were injected on the tenth day of incubation with either 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 p.p.m.