Different social experiences drive the development of divergent stress coping styles in female swordtails (Xiphophorus nigrensis).

Individual variation in stress coping styles is widespread and consequential to health and fitness. Proactive (bold behavior, low stress reactivity, low cognitive flexibility) and reactive (shy behavior, high stress reactivity, high cognitive flexibility) coping styles are found in many species, but the developmental forces shaping them remain elusive. We examined how social influences, specifically mating interactions, shape the development of adult female coping styles with a manipulative rearing experiment using El Abra swordtails, Xiphophorus nigrensis.

Quality of Life Among Dutch Children With a Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate: A Follow-Up Study.

Objectives: The aims of the present study were to examine the impact of a cleft lip and/or palate on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children, to examine differences between the OHRQoL scores reported by children and their parents, and to examine differences between the scores over 4 years for a subgroup of children.

Design: Prospective blinded questionnaires.

Setting: All patients were recruited from a university clinic at Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam.

Rating Nasolabial Aesthetics in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: Cropped Versus Full-Face Images.

Objective: To determine if cropping facial images affects nasolabial aesthetics assessments in unilateral cleft lip patients and to evaluate the effect of facial attractiveness on nasolabial evaluation.

Design: Two cleft surgeons and one cleft orthodontist assessed standardized frontal photographs 4 times; nasolabial aesthetics were rated on cropped and full-face images using the Cleft Aesthetic Rating Scale, and total facial attractiveness was rated on full-face images with and without the nasolabial area blurred using a 5-point Likert scale.

Setting: Cleft Palate Craniofacial Unit of a University Medical Center.

Comparison of two- and three-dimensional assessment methods of nasolabial appearance in cleft lip and palate patients: Do the assessment methods measure the same outcome?

Objective: For the assessment of the nasolabial appearance in cleft patients, a widely accepted, reliable scoring system is not available. In this study four different methods of assessment are compared, including 2D and 3D asymmetry and aesthetic assessments.

Methods: The data and ratings from an earlier study using the Asher-McDade aesthetic index on 3D photographs and the outcomes of 3D facial distance mapping were compared to a 2D aesthetic assessment, the Cleft Aesthetic Rating Scale, and to SymNose, a computerized 2D asymmetry assessment technique.

The Development of the Cleft Aesthetic Rating Scale: A New Rating Scale for the Assessment of Nasolabial Appearance in Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients.

Objective: The development of the Cleft Aesthetic Rating Scale, a simple and reliable photographic reference scale for the assessment of nasolabial appearance in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.

Design: A blind retrospective analysis of photographs of cleft lip and palate patients was performed with this new rating scale.

Setting: VU Medical Center Amsterdam and the Academic Center for Dentistry of Amsterdam.

Nursing students' perceptions of caring for dying people, after one year in nursing school.

Aim: To describe Swedish nursing students' perceptions of caring for dying people after the first year of a three year in a nursing programme at three university nursing schools in Sweden.

Methods: Interviews (n=17) were undertaken with nursing students at the end of their first year. A phenomenographic approach was used to design and structure the analysis of the nursing students' perceptions.

Understanding the role of an educational model in developing knowledge of caring for older persons with dementia.

Background: Statistics show that the number of older people in need of care is increasing worldwide, especially those with dementia. This implies demands on knowledge and competence among health care staff to care for them. In Sweden, Silviahemmet offers dementia care units the opportunity to become certified according to a special certification educational model.

Short Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides Inhibit Either the Bacterial 70S Ribosome or the Assembly of its Large 50S Subunit.

Short proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) are a promising class of antibiotics that use novel mechanisms, thus offering the potential to overcome the health threat of multiresistant pathogens. The peptides bind to the bacterial 70S ribosome and can inhibit protein translation. We report that PrAMPs can be divided into two classes, with each class binding to a different site, and thus use different lethal mechanisms.

The Asher-McDade Aesthetic Index in Comparison With Two Scoring Systems in Nonsyndromic Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients.

Objective: To compare the Asher-McDade aesthetic index with 2 systems used to score the appearance of the nasolabial area in patients with a complete cleft lip and palate.

Design: Retrospective analysis of the results of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.

Setting: Academic Center for Dentistry of Amsterdam and the VU University Medical Center.

Expectations of treatment and satisfaction with dentofacial appearance in patients applying for orthodontic treatment.

Introduction: Satisfaction with dentofacial appearance and expectations of orthodontic treatment have been analyzed in many studies. In 2002, in a study in The Netherlands, significant correlations were found between dental satisfaction and orthodontic treatment expectations. Satisfaction significantly decreased with increasing age.

Transverse dental arch relationship at 9 and 12 years in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated with infant orthopedics: a randomized clinical trial (DUTCHCLEFT).

Objective: A long-term evaluation to assess the transverse dental arch relationships at 9 and 12 years of age in unilateral cleft lip and palate treated with or without infant orthopedics (IO). The hypothesis is that IO has no effect on the transverse dental arch relationship.

Material And Methods: A prospective two-arm randomized controlled trial (DUTCHCLEFT) in three academic cleft palate centers (Amsterdam, Nijmegen and Rotterdam, the Netherlands).

Death and caring for dying patients: exploring first-year nursing students' descriptive experiences.

Aim: To describe first-year nursing students' experiences of witnessing death and providing end-of-life care.

Methods: This study is part of a larger longitudinal project. Interviews (n=17) were conducted with nursing students at the end of their first year of education.

Comparison of two scoring systems in the assessment of nasolabial appearance in cleft lip and palate patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of 2 scoring systems.

Design: This study used a retrospective analysis of the results of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.

Setting: The study was conducted at the VU Medical Center and the Academic Center for Dentistry of Amsterdam.

Swedish nursing students' reasoning about emotionally demanding issues in caring for dying patients.

Aim: To describe nursing students' reasoning about emotionally demanding questions concerning the care of dying patients.

Methods: The Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD) Scale was completed by students at the beginning of their education, and there was great variation in the responses to five items. At a follow-up measurement in the second year, an open-ended question, 'How did you reason when completing this question?', was added to each of the these five items.

[Preprosthetic orthodontic treatments].

The objective of a preprosthetic orthodontic treatment is to position the teeth in such a way that a treatment with (fixed) dental prostheses is made possible or simplified or to affect the result of this treatment positively. Conceivable preprosthetic orthodontic treatments are: correcting primary orthodontic anomalies, closing or reducing interdental spaces and correcting the migration of teeth. In the case of unfavourable maxillomandibular relations, a preprosthetic surgical treatment is usually needed together with a preprosthetic orthodontic treatment.

Two cases of axenfeld-rieger syndrome, report of the complex pathology and treatment.

The purpose of this case report is to report the orthodontic surgical treatment and subsequent dental rehabilitation in two patients with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by ocular, dental, craniofacial, and periumbilical abnormalities. The treatment of two patients with various anomalies in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is described and discussed.

[Systemic reactions to orally applied metal alloys].

Orally applied metal alloys can cause undesirable physical effects. A distinction needs to be made in this respect between local and systemic reactions and toxic and immunological reactions. A case is presented which illustrates this problem.

[Quality of life in patients with craniofacial disorders].

Children with a serious congenital craniofacial disorder experience a variety of problems. Research on quality of life in these children has commenced relatively late. A specially developed questionnaire, the Child Oral Health Impact Profile, was used for a group of cleft lip and palate children and their parents.

[Orthodontics and quality of life].

The impact of oral health on quality of life among orthodontic patients was assessed using the Child Oral Health Impact Profile. Responses of parents and children to questions about the quality of life of the child were very similar, suggesting that the parents were quite well able to assess the oral health-related quality of life of their children. Girls experienced more adverse effects on their quality of life due to oral health problems as compared to boys.

Oral health-related quality of life in Dutch children with cleft lip and/or palate.

Objective: To investigate the oral health-related quality of life (OH-RQoL) of Dutch cleft lip and palate patients. It was hypothesized that (1) there is no difference between cleft patients' and their parents' reports of patients' OH-RQoL; (2) there are no gender differences; (3) there are no differences in OH-RQoL between cleft patients with regard to their symptoms; and (4) there is no difference between patients above and below 12 years of age.

Materials And Methods: The sample consisted of 122 patients with clefts (age range, 8-15 years) and their parents.

Infant orthopedics and facial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate until six years of age (Dutchcleft).

Objective: To evaluate longitudinally the effect of infant orthopedics (IO) on dentofacial cephalometric variables in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients from 4 to 6 years of age.

Design: Prospective two-arm randomized controlled clinical trial in three cleft palate centers in The Netherlands (Dutchcleft trial).

Patients: Fifty-four children with complete UCLP.

Presurgical orthopedics and satisfaction in motherhood: a randomized clinical trial (Dutchcleft).

Objective: To study the effect of infant orthopedics on satisfaction in motherhood.

Design: Prospective two-arm randomized controlled trial in parallel with three participating academic cleft palate centers. Treatment allocation was concealed and was performed by means of a computerized balanced allocation method.

Infant orthopedics and facial appearance: a randomized clinical trial (Dutchcleft).

Objective: To study the effect of infant orthopedics on facial appearance.

Design: Prospective two-arm randomized controlled trial in parallel with three participating academic cleft palate centers. Treatment allocation was concealed and performed by means of a computerized balanced allocation method.