Clinical Characteristics of Migraine and Their Association With the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness.

Background: Migraine is characterized by recurrent episodes of unilateral, pulsating headaches. At the cerebral and ocular levels, it is recognized that the vascular narrowing and loss of blood flow are transient; however, the chronic nature of migraine may result in long-term functional and structural changes in these structures. It could result in axonal loss and an alteration in the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layers (RNFL).

Commencement and Monitoring: Microbiological Surveillance in Operation Theaters at a Tertiary Care Center in North India.

Introduction: Preserving sterility and safety in hospital operation theaters (OTs) is vital. We have implemented a comprehensive microbiological surveillance program for OTs, encompassing both commencement and ongoing monitoring. This study assesses the prevalence of microorganisms, identifies their types, and detects contamination on surfaces and in the air.

A Rare Case of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in a Young Immunocompetent Patient.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is known to be the most common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised cases, and CMV retinitis is the most common ocular manifestation. Severe retinitis with involvement of the macula or retinal necrosis can lead to vision loss. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can restrict the disease's progression.

Prevalence of pre-perimetric primary open angle glaucoma in hypertensives of North India.

Background: Systemic hypertension is alleged to increase the risk of glaucoma. As clinically Primary Open angle Glaucoma (POAG) is diagnosed only after approximately 40% of ganglion cell loss has occurred, therefore this study was commenced with an aim to determine the prevalence of pre-perimetric glaucomatous damage and its association with systemic hypertension using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Materials And Methods: A total of 680 study participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.

Dry Eye Disease after Cataract Surgery: Study of its Determinants and Risk Factors.

Objectives: To study the incidence of dry eye and its determinants in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Materials And Methods: One hundred twenty patients with senile cataract underwent Schirmer's test, tear break-up time (TBUT) test, lissamine green staining of the cornea and conjunctiva, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) for evaluation of dry eye preoperatively and again at first and second follow-up examinations at 1 week and 1 month after cataract surgery.

Results: Mean age of the patients was 59.

Serum vitamin D is a biomolecular biomarker for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Vitamin D is a multi-functional fat-soluble metabolite essential for a vast number of physiological processes. Non-classical functions are gaining attention because of the close association of vitamin D deficiency with diabetes, and its complications. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of vitamin D as a biomarker for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

OCT Based Macular Thickness in a Normal Indian Pediatric Population.

Purpose: Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high resolution cross-sectional images of the retina, vitreous humor, and optic nerve head with an axial resolution of 5 μm and a reproducibility of 1.6 μm. An integrated normative database is available only for adult subjects ≥18 years of age; the normal reference ranges of the macular thicknesses of pediatric subjects are not available.

A prospective study of ocular toxicity in patients receiving ethambutol as a part of directly observed treatment strategy therapy.

Background And Objectives: India is among the largest countries to implement the revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP). This program provides intermittent regimens to the patients, where the doses of isoniazid and ethambutol are more as compared to the daily regimen, which is a cause of concern, particularly with regard to the ocular toxicity of ethambutol. The present study was undertaken to explore the ocular toxicity in the patients registered under the program.

Retinal profile: a clinical indicator of severity in dengue fever in a suburban Indian environment.

Purpose: To study the retinal changes in subjects suffering from dengue fever and check if these changes can be taken as sufficient indicator of severity and progression of the disease.

Patients/methods: A detailed history was recorded of 118 patients on whom ocular examination, including direct ophthalmoscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and coloured fundus photography, was performed.

Results: Forty-seven percent of patients were found to have posterior segment abnormalities.

Orbital cysticercosis: masquerading as orbital inflammatory disorder.

An eight-year-old female presented with symptoms and signs of orbital inflammation and proptosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of extraocular myocysticercosis. Oral treatment with albendazole and steroids was followed by spontaneous extrusion and resolution of the disease.