Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in children: A report of 2 cases.

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign non-neoplastic lesion of the liver usually found in adults. It is uncommon in children, comprising 2-10% of all pediatric liver tumours. In children, it can occur at all ages, with increased frequency between 6-10 years.

Two Cases of Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis Type 2: Role of Surgery with Brief Review of Literature.

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a rare bile acid transporter defect and autosomal recessive disorder with type 2 being the most common type. Partial internal or external biliary diversion delays its progression to end-stage liver disease. Here, we discuss two cases of type 2 PFIC.

Synchronous Bilateral Wilms Tumor: Five-Year Single-Center Experience with Assessment of Quality of Life.

Context: Synchronous Bilateral Wilms tumor (sBWT).

Aims: This study aimed to assess the outcome of patients with sBWT treated on SIOP protocol.

Settings And Design: Retrospective and prospective randomized study.

Diagnostic and prognostic utility of SF1, IGF2 and p57 immunoexpression in pediatric adrenal cortical tumors.

Background: Adrenocortical tumors (ACT) are uncommon in the pediatric age group. Using the standard Weiss criteria in pediatric tumors leads to overdiagnosis. This has led to the development of newer systems such as Weineke criteria.

Utility of PAS and β-catenin staining in histological categorisation and prediction of prognosis of hepatoblastomas.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of PAS, β-catenin and Ki-67 in categorising hepatoblastomas (HBs) and their significance in predicting prognosis. In addition, we have also documented the various chemotherapy induced histologic changes in HBs.

Method: In this retrospective observational study of 29 cases of hepatoblastomas, 27 cases were considered for statistical analysis, excluding two cases of diagnostic core biopsies.

FNAC Aided Diagnosis and Categorization of Hepatoblastoma:: A Report of Three Cases.

Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary malignant hepatic tumour of infancy and early childhood. Histologically hepatoblastomas are categorized into pure epithelial and mixed epithelial-mesenchymal types and epithelial type is further subcategorized into pure fetal type, fetal and embryonal type, pure embryonal, and small cell types. This categorization has been shown to have prognostic and therapeutic implication.

Weineke criteria, Ki-67 index and p53 status to study pediatric adrenocortical tumors: Is there a correlation?

Purpose: Adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are rare in pediatric age group. Pediatric ACTs behave differently from their histologically similar adult counterparts and Weiss criteria often cannot accurately predict their clinical behavior. Wieneke et al.

Cytological diagnosis of mesoblastic nephroma: A report of three cases with summary of prior published cases.

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is a rare pediatric renal neoplasm, occurring most commonly in the first few months of life, with a favourable clinical outcome. Accurate pre-operative cytological diagnosis of this entity is important as pre-operative chemotherapy is not recommended and surgery is the treatment of choice. Cytodiagnosis of this rare tumor is discussed in only a few case reports.

Expression of COX-2 and p53 in juvenile polyposis coli and its correlation with adenomatous changes.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal polyps commonly affect the pediatric population. The commoner variety amongst these is the solitary rectal polyp. Juvenile polyposis coli (JPC) is rare, characterized by multiple polyps occurring throughout the gut.

Lipoblastoma and lipoblastomatosis: A clinicopathological study of six cases.

Lipoblastoma and lipoblastomatosis are benign adipocytic tumors seen in children less than 3 years of age. Awareness amongst surgeons of this fast growing lipomatous tumor in young children is important to avoid mutilating surgery and chemotherapy. Histological diagnosis of lipoblastoma is sometimes difficult because of close resemblance with myxoid, round cell, and well-differentiated liposarcoma.

Gastric teratoma: A series of 7 cases.

Background: Gastric teratoma is a rare entity comprising less than 1% of germ cell tumors of childhood. We present a series of seven gastric teratomas with a review of literature.

Objective: To study the demographic profile, clinicopathological features and follow-up data of gastric teratomas.

Usefulness of Wieneke criteria in assessing morphologic characteristics of adrenocortical tumors in children.

Purpose: Adrenocortical tumors (ACT) occur rarely in pediatric age group. Pediatric ACTs behave differently from their histologically similar adult counterparts and standard adult criteria often cannot accurately predict their clinical behavior. The aim of the present study was to document the clinicopathologic spectrum of pediatric ACTs and to assess the utility of Wieneke scoring system in predicting clinical behavior of these tumors.

Metastatic ganglioneuroma: a misnomer.

Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma atumors arising from the neural crest cells. Ganglioneuroma is considered as the most mature amongst the three and usually has no metastatic potential. Spontaneous maturation of neuroblastoma into ganglioneuroma is, however, quite well-known.

Arsenic-induced promoter hypomethylation and over-expression of ERCC2 reduces DNA repair capacity in humans by non-disjunction of the ERCC2-Cdk7 complex.

Arsenic in drinking water is of critical concern in West Bengal, India, as it results in several physiological symptoms including dermatological lesions and cancers. Impairment of the DNA repair mechanism has been associated with arsenic-induced genetic damage as well as with several cancers. ERCC2 (Excision Repair Cross-Complementing rodent repair, complementation group 2), mediates DNA-repair by interacting with Cdk-activating kinase (CAK) complex, which helps in DNA proof-reading during transcription.

Human urothelial micronucleus assay to assess genotoxic recovery by reduction of arsenic in drinking water: a cohort study in West Bengal, India.

Chronic exposure to arsenic through drinking water affects nearly 26 million individuals in West Bengal, India. Cytogenetic biomarkers like urothelial micronucleus (MN) are extensively used to monitor arsenic exposed population. In 2004-2005, 145 arsenic exposed individuals and 60 unexposed controls were surveyed of which 128 exposed individuals and 54 unexposed controls could be followed up in 2010-2011.

Isolated Cushing's syndrome in early infancy due to left adrenal adenoma: an unusual aetiology.

Bilateral macronodular adrenocortical disease as a part of McCune Albright Syndrome (MAS) is the most common cause of endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) in infancy. Adrenocortical tumors causing CS in infancy are extremely rare. We report the case of a girl with CS who presented at age 4 months with obesity and growth retardation.

Blood glutathione peroxidase and selenium in abortion.

This study was carried out to estimate the levels of glutathione peroxidase and selenium in blood of abortion cases. Glutathione peroxidase and selenium were determined in 52 abortion cases (22 in 1(st) trimester, 30 in second trimester), 45 normal pregnant cases and 25 nonpregnant control cases. The selenium concentration in whole blood and plasma in abortion cases was almost the same as in normal pregnant women but significantly low when compared with the control non-pregnant group.