The association of frailty and bedside body composition tools with total body potassium and body cell mass: a pilot study in adults with cirrhosis.

The accurate assessment of body composition in cirrhosis is challenging as fluid accumulation affects most techniques. The whole-body counter is a state-of-the-art method that measures total body potassium (TBK) unbiased by fluid, from which body cell mass (BCM) is derived. This pilot study in 20 patients with cirrhosis evaluated bedside tools including the liver frailty index (LFI), bioimpedance analysis-based phase angle, calf circumference (CC), and BMI (body mass index)/edema-adjusted CC, and explored their association with TBK and BCM.

Factors Associated With the Presence and Severity of Nutritional Impact Symptoms in Individuals With Head and Neck Cancer Before Treatment.

As head and neck cancer (HNC) affects regions directly related to the digestive tract, it is consistently associated with nutritional impact symptoms (NISs), which further reduce food intake and affect nutritional status. Early identification of patients with NIS can assist therapy. This is a cross-sectional study with HNC patients from a cancer reference hospital.

Beyond Traditional Body Composition Metrics: Load-Capacity Indices Emerge as Predictors of Cardiometabolic Outcomes - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The adaptive and independent interrelationships between different body composition components have been identified as crucial determinants of disease risk. Based on this concept, the load-capacity model of body composition, which utilizes measurements obtained through non-anthropometric techniques such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), was proposed. This model is typically operationalized as the ratio of metabolic load (adipose mass) to metabolic capacity (lean mass).

Myosteatosis is associated with adiposity, metabolic derangements and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background/objectives: Myosteatosis has been associated with sarcopenia, and increased mortality risk in patients on hemodialysis. We aimed to explore the associations between myosteatosis, as assessed by computed tomography (CT), with demographic parameters, body composition metrics, muscle strength, metabolic parameters and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Subjects/methods: We enrolled 216 patients (age 60.

Impact of body composition and muscle health phenotypes on survival outcomes in colorectal cancer: a multicenter cohort.

Body composition abnormalities are prognostic markers in several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Using our data distribution on body composition assessments and classifications could improve clinical evaluations and support population-specific opportune interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of body composition from computed tomography and assess the associations with overall survival among patients with CRC.

The effects of exercise on anxiety and depression in adults with cancer: A meta-review of meta-analyses.

Background: This meta-review aimed to synthesize the evidence of the effects of exercise on anxiety and depression symptoms amongst adults with cancer, and cancer-survivors, comparing effects sizes between meta-analysis.

Methods: Major databases were searched up to February 9, 2024 for meta-analyses evaluating the effects of exercise, using anxiety and/or depression scales. Effect size (ES) values were calculated as standardized differences in the means and expressed as the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with the 95% confidence interval (95%CI).

Antibiotic Residues in Raw Cow's Milk: A Systematic Review of the Last Decade.

The inappropriate use of antimicrobials in dairy animals can lead to residues in raw milk and in dairy products. Foods containing residues of this nature, whether in the short, medium, or long term, cause serious health harm. Absence of these compounds in foods should be a premise for declaring safety.

Respiratory System of the Two-Toed Sloth (Choloepus didactylus): Macroscopic, Histological and Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis.

Relatively little research has been conducted regarding Choloepus didactylus and studies that have been done have mainly covered physiology and morphology, as well as studies on its respiratory system. The objective of this study was to describe the components of the respiratory system of the two-toed sloth and compare it with other species already described in the literature. For this purpose, eight adult animals were used.

Genotyping of benzimidazole resistance using β-tubulin isotype 1 marker in of sheep and goats in Paraná, Southern Brazil.

is one of the most pathogenic gastrointestinal parasites that infect small ruminants. The indiscriminate use of anthelmintics (i.e.

Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with low muscle mass and composition in people treated with (chemo)radiotherapy for lung cancer.

Background: This study examined (1) associations between sociodemographic and clinical variables with low muscle mass and radiodensity and their loss relative to treatment commencement in patients with lung cancer; and (2) the magnitude of change in muscle mass and association with treatment outcomes and survival.

Methods: Prospective study in patients planned for curative (chemo)radiotherapy for lung cancer. Low skeletal muscle mass and radiodensity and muscle loss were determined from pre- and post-treatment computed tomography images.

Exploring the association between sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular risk: a summary of findings from longitudinal studies and potential mechanisms.

It is estimated that more than one-tenth of adults aged ≥60 years are now classified as having sarcopenic obesity (SO), a clinical condition characterised by the concurrent presence of sarcopenia (low muscle mass and weakness) and obesity (excessive fat mass). Independently, sarcopenia and obesity are associated with a high risk of numerous adverse health outcomes including CVD and neurological conditions (e.g.

Characterizing pregnancy losses in lactating Holstein cows receiving a fixed-timed artificial insemination protocol.

This experiment assessed pregnancy losses from day 31 of gestation to calving in lactating Holstein cows reared in tropical conditions, and evaluated if serum concentrations of haptoglobin and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) during early gestation differs according to pregnancy losses. Cows (708 primiparous and 844 multiparous) were assigned to an ovulation synchronization + fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol (day -11-0 of the experiment). Pregnancy status was verified using transrectal ultrasonography on days 31, 62, 120, and according to calf birth.

Phase angle as a marker of muscle quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Phase angle (PhA) is a biomarker derived from raw bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) values: resistance (R) and reactance (Xc). PhA reflects cellular membrane integrity and, as a result, has been considered a marker of fluid distribution, making it a potential prognostic indicator. A growing body of research demonstrates independent associations between PhA and muscle strength, mass, and composition.

Optimizing corncob pretreatment with eco-friendly deep eutectic solvents to enhance lignin extraction and cellulose-to-glucose conversion.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are an eco-friendly, cost-effective alternative to traditional ionic liquids for biomass pretreatment, with unique characteristics encompassed by hydrogen bond donor (HBD), the molar ratio of hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) to HBD, temperature, and time affecting efficiency. Despite its potential, a comprehensive study exploring the interplay of these factors is limited. This study explores the optimization of pretreatment variables using choline chloride/lactic acid (1:5) via the response surface method (RSM).

[The challenge of healthy aging: Gaps between the needs of older adults and implemented policies in Argentina].

Background And Objectives: While the concept of healthy aging tends to be homogenized, differential characteristics are observed among regions and even within the same country. There are policies aimed at promoting healthy aging; however, it is essential to understand the needs of the population so that these policies can be effective. The objective of this project was to identify gaps between the needs of individuals over 60 years old to achieve healthy aging and the policies implemented in Argentina to support this purpose.

Are Lean Body Mass and Fat-Free Mass the Same or Different Body Components? A Critical Perspective.

The 2-component molecular-level model dividing body mass into fat and fat-free mass (FFM) is a cornerstone of contemporary body composition research across multiple disciplines. Confusion prevails, however, as the term lean body mass (LBM) is frequently used interchangeably with FFM in scientific discourse. Are LBM and FFM the same or different body components? Captain Albert R.

Prognostic significance of novel muscle quality index utilization in hospitalized adults with cancer: A secondary analysis.

Background: This study aimed to investigate and propose novel approaches to calculate muscle quality index (MQI) using muscle mass derived from single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SF-BIA) and calf circumference in both unadjusted and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted forms. In addition, we examined their prognostic significance in patients with cancer.

Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted on a prospective cohort study of patients with cancer.

A rapid review of nutrition and exercise approaches to managing unintentional weight loss, muscle loss, and malnutrition in cancer.

Purpose: This narrative review summarizes the evidence for nutrition, exercise, and multimodal interventions to maintain weight and muscle mass and prevent malnutrition from meta-analysis, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials published within the last 5 years, and in comparison to future research priority areas identified by international guidelines.

Recent Findings: Dietary counseling with oral nutrition support (ONS), escalated to enteral nutrition if weight loss continues, is the gold standard treatment approach to maintaining weight and preventing malnutrition. Recent ONS trials with dietary counseling show promising findings for weight maintenance, extending the literature to include studies in chemoradiotherapy, however, change in body composition is rarely evaluated.

Multimorbidity and the risk of malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia in adults with cancer in the UK Biobank.

Background: Malnutrition, sarcopenia and frailty are distinct, albeit interrelated, conditions associated with adverse outcomes in adults with cancer, but whether they relate to multimorbidity, which affects up to 90% of people with cancer, is unknown. This study investigated the relationship between multimorbidity with malnutrition, sarcopenia and frailty in adults with cancer from the UK Biobank.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 4122 adults with cancer (mean [SD] age 59.