Entry, fate and impact of antibiotics in rice agroecosystem: a comprehensive review.

Antibiotics are extensively used to manage human, animal and plant ailments caused by microbial infections. However, rampant use of antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic resistance, which is a public health concern. The development of antibiotic resistance is significantly influenced by agro-ecosystems.

Influence of combined application of tetracycline and streptomycin on microbial diversity and function in rice soil.

A microcosm experiment was performed to quantify the residues of antibiotics [tetracycline (TC), streptomycin (STR), and streptocycline (STC; a mixture of TC and STR)] in rice soil and to assess their impact on microbial community structure and function using Illumina-MiSeq metagenomic analysis. Antibiotics were applied at half the recommended dose (0.5RD), recommended dose (RD), and double the recommended dose (2RD).

Optimized protoplast isolation and transfection with a breakpoint: accelerating Cas9/sgRNA cleavage efficiency validation in monocot and dicot.

Unlabelled: The CRISPR-Cas genome editing tools are revolutionizing agriculture and basic biology with their simplicity and precision ability to modify target genomic loci. Software-predicted guide RNAs (gRNAs) often fail to induce efficient cleavage at target loci. Many target loci are inaccessible due to complex chromatin structure.

Chlorpyrifos enrichment enhances tolerance of Anabaena sp. PCC 7119 to dimethoate.

Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides are widely used for on-field pest control, constituting about 38% of global pesticide consumption. Insecticide tolerance has been recorded in microorganisms isolated from the contaminated soil. However, the cross-tolerance of laboratory-enriched cultures remains poorly understood.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Property of a True Mangrove Rhizophora apiculata Bl.

Mangroves are abundant in bioactive natural substances that fight off pathogenic diseases. Different parts of R. apiculata, an abundant mangrove found in Bhitarkanika National Park, India were extracted with methanol and a mixture of solvents methanol/ethanol/chloroform (60 : 20 : 20) to evaluate their antimicrobial properties.

Chemopriming for induction of disease resistance against pathogens in rice.

Rice is an important grain crop of Asian population. Different fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens cause large reduction in rice grain production. Use of chemical pesticides, to provide protection against pathogens, has become incomplete due to pathogens resistance and is cause of environmental concerns.

The Interaction of Seasons and Biogeochemical Properties of Water Regulate the Air-Water CO Exchanges in Two Major Tropical Estuaries, Bay of Bengal (India).

The exchange of CO between the air-water interfaces of estuaries is crucial from the perspective of the global carbon cycle and climate change feedback. In this regard, we evaluated the air-water CO exchanges in two major estuaries-the Mahanadi estuary (ME) and the Dhamra estuary (DE) in the northern part of the Bay of Bengal, India. Biogeochemical properties of these estuarine waters were quantified in three distinct seasons, namely, pre-monsoon (March to May), monsoon (June to October), and post-monsoon (November to February).

Biopriming for induction of disease resistance against pathogens in rice.

Rice is attacked by an armada of pathogens. Present review provides a critical evaluation of the potential of different biotic agents used to protect rice yield drop from pathogenicity and an account of unexplored areas, which might be taken into consideration to manage rice diseases. Rice (Oryza sativa L.

Learnings from two independent malaria elimination demonstration projects in India.

Problem: India and sub-Saharan Africa contributes about 85% of the global malaria burden, and India is committed to eliminating malaria by 2030.

Approach: Two novel initiatives-the Malaria Elimination Demonstration Project (MEDP) in Madhya Pradesh and Durgama Anchalare Malaria Nirakaran (DAMaN) in Odisha-were initiated independently to demonstrate that indigenous malaria can be eliminated in a short period of time.

Local Setting: These initiatives focused on rural, tribal areas where there is a high malaria burden and complex epidemiology.

Improved photosystem II and defense enzymes activity in rice (Oryza sativa) by biopriming against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a major threat to rice production as it accounts for loss up to 50% of annual rice grain yield. Xoo causes leaf tissue necrosis and as a result there is downregulation of the photosynthetic mechanisms of plant.

Interaction of pretilachlor with PS-II activity of the cyanobacterium Desmonostoc muscorum PUPCCC 405.10.

Interaction of pretilachlor with photosystem (PS)-II of the cyanobacterium Desmonostoc muscorum PUPCCC 405.10 has been studied in this paper. Pretilachlor negatively affected growth, chlorophyll a (Chl a), photosynthesis, and carbon dissimilation in a dose-dependent manner.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) mediated defence induction against bacterial leaf blight: probing through chlorophyll a fluorescence induction O-J-I-P transients.

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is a serious threat for rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Physicochemical characteristics of the Lasiococca comberi Haines seeds.

Physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of Lasiococca comberi Haines (Euphorbiaceae), an endangered forest tree species, were determined for the first time. The oil, protein, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents in seeds were 41.5, 13.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Hypericum gaitii Haines - an endemic species of Eastern India.

The present study reports the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oil extracted from the leaves and tender branches of Hypericum gaitii Haines (Hypericaceae) - an endemic plant of Eastern India. On hydrodistillation, the fresh leaves and tender parts of H. gaitii yielded 0.

Species composition of microzooplankton Tintinnid from the coastal waters of Digha, Bay of Bengal.

Tintinnid species distribution and hydrography were studied in the coastal waters of Digha during winter (November 2015) and summer (March 2016) seasons. Surface water samples were collected from 11 different stations from 0 to 10 km offshore with the help of a mechanized trawler. Parameters like tintinnid species enumeration, zooplankton biomass, phytoplankton concentration (total chlorophyll) and abundance, sea surface temperature (SST), pH, transparency, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total phosphate, silicate and nitrate were analysed.

Teaching the Z-Scheme of electron transport in photosynthesis: a perspective.

This paper deals with how Govindjee taught the Z-Scheme of electron transport in oxygenic photosynthesis at Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India, in 2014, in a unique and highly effective fashion-using students to act as molecules, representing the entire electron transport chain from water to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP(+)). It culminated in a show by B.Sc.