Supramolecular alternating copolymers with highly efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer.

This article reports alternating supramolecular copolymerization of two naphthalene-diimide (NDI)-derived building blocks (NDI-1 and NDI-2) under thermodynamic control. Both monomers contain a central NDI chromophore, attached to a hydrocarbon-chain and a carboxylic-acid group. The NDI core in NDI-2 is symmetrically substituted with two butane-thiol groups, which makes it distinct from NDI-1.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Hand Hygiene Practices among Inpatients of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar: A Preliminary Study.

Background: Health-care-associated infection or nosocomial infection is defined as patients getting an infection on admission to the hospital if they were not infected or incubating the infection before admission. Hand hygiene is the most important measure that can avoid the transmission of germs and can prevent health-care-associated infections.

Materials And Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2020 to July 2021 with the objective to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among the inpatients of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar.

Removal of Non-Specifically Bound Proteins Using Rayleigh Waves Generated on ST-Quartz Substrates.

Label-free biosensors are plagued by the issue of non-specific protein binding which negatively affects sensing parameters such as sensitivity, selectivity, and limit-of-detection. In the current work, we explore the possibility of using the Rayleigh waves in ST-Quartz devices to efficiently remove non-specifically bound proteins via acoustic streaming. A coupled-field finite element (FE) fluid structure interaction (FSI) model of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device based on ST-Quartz substrate in contact with a liquid loading was first used to predict trends in forces related to SAW-induced acoustic streaming.

Fluorescence Detection of miRNA-21 Using Au/Pt Bimetallic Tubular Micromotors Driven by Chemical and Surface Acoustic Wave Forces.

In this study, surface acoustic wave (SAW) systems are described for the removal of molecules that are unbound to micromotors, thereby lowering the detection limit of the cancer-related biomarker miRNA-21. For this purpose, in the first step, mass production of the Au/Pt bimetallic tubular micromotor was performed with a simple membrane template electrodeposition. The motions of catalytic Au/Pt micromotors in peroxide fuel media were analyzed under the SAW field effect.

Dienolate Annulation Approach for Assembly of Densely Substituted Aromatic Architectures.

The efficient assembly of complex aromatic structures from simple acyclic building blocks is reported. An anion-cascade union of an enoate and a conjugated imine affords cyclohexenone products, which are readily aromatized to phenols. By engaging the intermediate cyclohexenones with Grignard reagents, a facile addition/elimination proceeds yielding chiral cyclohexadienes, which are then aromatized.

Prevention of Covid-19 affected patient using multi robot cooperation and Q-learning approach: a solution.

Combat with the novel corona virus (COVID-19) has become challenging for all the frontline warriors like, medic people, police and other service provider. Many technology and intelligent algorithms have been developed to set the boundary in its incremental growth. This paper proposed a concept to set the boundary on spreading of this disease among the medic people, who are directly exposed to the COVID-19 patient.

Dramatic Effect of γ-Heteroatom Dienolate Substituents on Counterion Assisted Asymmetric Anionic Amino-Cope Reaction Cascades.

We report a dramatic effect on product outcomes of the lithium ion enabled amino-Cope-like anionic asymmetric cascade when different γ-dienolate heteroatom substituents are employed. For dienolates with azide, thiomethyl, and trifluoromethylthiol substituents, a Mannich/amino-Cope/cyclization cascade ensues to form chiral cyclohexenone products with two new stereocenters in an -relationship. For fluoride-substituted nucleophiles, a Mannich/amino-Cope cascade proceeds to afford chiral acyclic products with two new stereocenters in a -relationship.

Effects of Stereochemistry and Hydrogen Bonding on Glycopolymer-Amyloid-β Interactions.

Saccharide stereochemistry plays an important role in carbohydrate functions such as biological recognition processes and protein binding. Synthetic glycopolymers with pendant saccharides of controlled stereochemistry provide an attractive approach for the design of polysaccharide-inspired biomaterials. Acrylamide-based polymers containing either β,d-glucose or β,d-galactose pendant groups, designed to mimic GM1 ganglioside saccharides, and their small-molecule analogues were used to evaluate the effect of stereochemistry on glycopolymer solution aggregation processes alone and in the presence of Aβ42 peptide using dynamic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography-multiangle laser light scattering, and fluorescence assays.

Repurposing of Glycine-Rich Proteins in Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in the Lone-Star Tick ().

Tick feeding requires the secretion of a huge number of pharmacologically dynamic proteins and other molecules which are vital for the formation of the cement cone, the establishment of the blood pool and to counter against the host immune response. Glycine-rich proteins (GRP) are found in many organisms and can function in a variety of cellular processes and structures. The functional characterization of the GRPs in the tick salivary glands has not been elucidated.

A Survey of the Structures of US FDA Approved Combination Drugs.

Combination drugs are an important class of US FDA approved pharmaceuticals. These drugs have been on a continuous growth trajectory since the first combination drugs were approved in the 1940s. In this Perspective, we report the first comprehensive compilation and analysis of US FDA approved combination drugs, from the first approval in 1943 through 2018.

Asymmetric Vinylogous Aza-Darzens Approach to Vinyl Aziridines.

A new asymmetric approach to assemble cis-vinyl aziridines is reported. A reaction of strategically substituted dienolates, decorated with a γ-leaving group, with chiral sulfinimines afforded chiral vinyl aziridine products in good to excellent yields. This is the first systematic study toward the realization of a useful asymmetric vinylogous aza-Darzens reaction.

Wound Healing and Bone Regeneration in Postextraction Sockets with and without Platelet-rich Fibrin.

Context And Aim: In today's world of advanced dentistry, there are various aspects of restorative, esthetic, and surgical processes. Healing of an extraction socket comprises of bone as well as soft-tissue remodeling with maximum dimensional changes occurring during the first 3 months. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was first developed in France as a therapeutic alternative to platelet-rich plasma to overcome many of its limitations.

DNA translocation through polyelectrolyte-modified nanopores: An analytical approximation.

An analytical model for the electrophoretic speed of DNA translocating through nanopore functionalized with polyelectrolyte (PE) brush is developed for the first time. The electrophoretic speed depends on DNA surface potential, applied electric field, viscosity, and permittivity of solution along with velocity and electrostatic potential at liquid-polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) interface where the interface seemed to behave similar to that of a solid-state nanopore wall. Under the limit of Debye-Hückel linearization, the electrostatic potential at liquid-PEL interface and at DNA surface have been calculated.

Aqueous RAFT Synthesis of Glycopolymers for Determination of Saccharide Structure and Concentration Effects on Amyloid β Aggregation.

GM1 ganglioside is known to promote amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation in Alzheimer's disease. The roles of the individual saccharides and their distribution in this process are not understood. Acrylamide-based glycomonomers with either β-d-glucose or β-d-galactose pendant groups were synthesized to mimic the stereochemistry of saccharides present in GM1 and characterized via H NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

New Class of Anion-Accelerated Amino-Cope Rearrangements as Gateway to Diverse Chiral Structures.

We report useful new lithium-assisted asymmetric anion-accelerated amino-Cope rearrangement cascades. A strategic nitrogen atom chiral auxiliary serves three critical roles, by (1) enabling in situ assembly of the chiral 3-amino-1,5-diene precursor, (2) facilitating the rearrangement via a lithium enolate chelate, and (3) imparting its influence on consecutive inter- or intramolecular C-C or C-X bond-forming events via resulting chiral enamide intermediates or imine products. The mechanism of the amino-Cope rearrangement was explored with density functional theory.

Strain-specific Fibril Propagation by an Aβ Dodecamer.

Low molecular weight oligomers of amyloid-β (Aβ) have emerged as the primary toxic agents in the etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). Polymorphism observed within the aggregation end products of fibrils are known to arise due to microstructural differences among the oligomers. Diversity in aggregate morphology correlates with the differences in AD, cementing the idea that conformational strains of oligomers could be significant in phenotypic outcomes.

Structural characterization of tick cement cones collected from in vivo and artificial membrane blood-fed Lone Star ticks (Amblyomma americanum).

The Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum, is endemic to the southeastern United States and capable of transmitting pathogenic diseases and causing non-pathogenic conditions. To remain firmly attached to the host, the tick secretes a proteinaceous matrix termed the cement cone which hardens around the tick's mouthparts to assist in the attachment of the tick as well as to protect the mouthparts from the host immune system. Cement cones collected from ticks on a host are commonly contaminated with host skin and hair making analysis of the cone difficult.

Effect of thermodiffusion on pH-regulated surface charge properties of nanoparticle.

Surface properties of nanoparticle are of high importance in the field of biotechnology, drug delivery and micro/nanofabrication. In this article, we developed a comprehensive theoretical model and subsequently solved that numerically to study the effect of thermodiffusion of ions on surface charge properties of nanoparticle. The theoretical study has been done considering silica nanoparticle for two aqueous solutions NaCl and KCl.

Synthesis of 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridines via Aminophosphate Enabled Anionic Cascade and Acid Catalyzed Cyclization Approaches.

Two new approaches for forming 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines are reported. Both reactions employ a strategic phosphate substituent on the nitrogen atom. In the presence of an additional phosphate substituent (X = P = O(OEt)2) an anionic cascade can by triggered upon treatment with base.

Evolution of an oxidative dearomatization enabled total synthesis of vinigrol.

The evolution of the synthetic strategy resulting in a total synthesis of vinigrol is presented. Oxidative dearomatization/intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition has served as the successful cornerstone for all of the approaches. Extensive radical cyclization efforts to form the tetracyclic core resulted in interesting and surprising reaction outcomes, none of which could be advanced to vinigrol.

Genetic variation among world populations: inferences from 100 Alu insertion polymorphisms.

We examine the distribution and structure of human genetic diversity for 710 individuals representing 31 populations from Africa, East Asia, Europe, and India using 100 Alu insertion polymorphisms from all 22 autosomes. Alu diversity is highest in Africans (0.349) and lowest in Europeans (0.