Carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy.

Introduction: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an important complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Accelerated atherosclerosis is also common in T2DM. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis.

Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus among patients of hypothyroidism in a tertiary care center.

Context: Hypothyroidism is a common public health problem in India. With iodine sufficiency, autoimmune thyroiditis is becoming the most important etiology of hypothyroidism. Often, thyroiditis is associated with other systemic autoimmune diseases.

Right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis.

Endomyocardial fibrosis is a variety of restrictive cardiomyopathy, in which endocardium of one or both ventricles is thickened markedly with involvement of underlying myocardium. Partial obliteration of ventricular cavities by fibrous tissue and thrombus causes diastolic dysfunction with increased resistance to ventricular filling. Systolic function is well preserved till late stages.

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis due to proximal renal tubular acidosis in a case with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) is a rare disorder. Hypokalemia may be associated with it; occasionally leading to features like hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Though pRTA is a tubulointerstitial kidney disease, glomerulonephritis may occasionally lead to pRTA by tubular damage through leaking proteins, cytokines or by inflammatory infiltrates.

Nephropathy in association with annular psoriasis.

Occurrence of glomerular diseases in psoriasis is rare, although the number of reports is increasing in recent years. Different types of glomerular involvement have been reported but mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with IgA deposits, AA amyloidosis and membranous nephropathy are relatively common in association with psoriasis. The term 'psoriatic nephropathy' has been introduced recently.