Platinum-based anticancer drugs have been at the forefront of cancer chemotherapy, with cisplatin emerging as a pioneer in the treatment of various malignancies. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of platinum-based anticancer therapeutics, focusing on the development of cisplatin, platinum(IV) prodrugs, and the integration of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for enhanced cancer treatment results. The first section of the review delves into the historical context and molecular mechanisms underlying the success of cisplatin, highlighting its DNA binding properties and subsequent interference with cellular processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHerein, aggregation behaviors of melem or melamine in the presence of three symmetric carboxylic acids (1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (TPCA), 1,3,5-benzene-tri-carboxylic acid (BTA) and 1,3,5-cyclohexane-tri-carboxylic acid (CHTA)) have been performed to check the influence of acid on the formation of aggregated structures which have been investigated by optical microscopy, FESEM, FTIR, XRD and viscoelastic properties have been explored with rheological studies. Interestingly, melem, that has limited solubility in aqueous medium, forms aggregation that leads to the formation of hydrogels with TPCA. More significantly, hydrogel is formed here by matching the size selectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrowave-assisted organic transformation (MAOR) is presently gaining wide popularity in the field of organic synthesis. The conventional heating technique is gradually being removed from the laboratory and a novel microwave heating technique established to be used in both academia and industry. As compared to the classical organic methodology, the green technology tools have several advantages like dramatically reduced reaction times, improved yields, site selectivity, and the increased product purities with simplification of work-up procedures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA water-soluble perylene diimide, aspartic acid-functionalized perylene diimide (APDI), has shown significant sequential "turn-off" and "turn-on" responses toward Cu and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), respectively. APDI was found to show selectivity toward Cu and inorganic PPi over adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine triphosphate. The detection has been studied by absorption and emission spectroscopy techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe demonstrate a method for the synthesis of a water-soluble multimetallic peptidic array containing a predetermined sequence of metal centers such as Ru(II), Pt(II), and Rh(III). The compound, named as a water-soluble metal-organic complex array (WSMOCA), is obtained through 1) the conventional solution-chemistry-based preparation of the corresponding metal complex monomers having a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected amino acid moiety and 2) their sequential coupling together with other water-soluble organic building units on the surface-functionalized polymeric resin by following the procedures originally developed for the solid-phase synthesis of polypeptides, with proper modifications. Traces of reactions determined by mass spectrometric analysis at the representative coupling steps in stage 2 confirm the selective construction of a predetermined sequence of metal centers along with the peptide backbone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF2,6-Divinylpyridine-appended anthracene derivatives flanked by two alkyl chains at the 9,10-position of the core have been designed, synthesized, and characterized by NMR, MALDI-TOF, FTIR, and single-crystal XRD. These anthracene derivatives are able to recognize picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol, PA) selectively down to parts per billion (ppb) level in aqueous as well as nonaqueous medium. Fluorescence emission of these derivatives in solution is significantly quenched by adding trace amounts of PA, even in the presence of other competing analogues, such as 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), 4-nitrophenol (NP), nitrobenzene (NB), benzoic acid (BA), and phenol (PH).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater-soluble metal-organic complex array 1, bearing Ru(II), Pt(II) and Rh(III) complexes at the side residues of the short peptide, exhibits anion and pH-responsive self-assembly behaviours in aqueous media. NaCl-induced aggregation of 1 at neutral pH was suppressed in phosphate buffered saline containing a mixture of Cl(-), HPO4(2-) and H2PO4(-), which is unconventional for a peptide amphiphile.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmyloids are highly ordered protein/peptide aggregates associated with human diseases as well as various native biological functions. Given the diverse range of physiochemical properties of amyloids, we hypothesized that higher order amyloid self-assembly could be used for fabricating novel hydrogels for biomaterial applications. For proof of concept, we designed a series of peptides based on the high aggregation prone C-terminus of Aβ42, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith the aid of rational design, we have synthesized a pair of water-soluble donor- and acceptor-type twisted perylene bisimide units, which together form aggregates upon lowering the pH of the medium, providing bright yellow fluorescence. The light-harvesting efficiency of the co-assembled system can be tuned by controlling the ratio of donor to acceptor and 98.1 % efficiency has been achieved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeven dinuclear and one dinuclear based dicyanamide bridged polymeric Ni(II) complexes of phenol based compartmental ligands (HL(1)-HL(4)) have been synthesized with the aim to investigate their catecholase-like activity and to evaluate the most probable mechanistic pathway involved in this process. The complexes have been characterized by routine physicochemical studies as well as by X-ray single crystal structure analyses namely [Ni2(L(2))(SCN)3(H2O)(CH3OH)] (), [Ni2(L(4))(SCN)3(CH3OH)2] (), [Ni2(L(2))(SCN)2(AcO)(H2O)] (), [Ni2(L(4))(SCN)(AcO)2] (), [Ni2(L(2))(N3)3(H2O)2] (), [Ni2(L(4))(N3)3(H2O)2] (), [Ni2(L(1))(AcO)2(N(CN)2)]n () and [Ni2(L(3))(AcO)2(N(CN)2)] (), [SCN = isothiocyanate, AcO = acetate, N3 = azide, and N(CN)2 = dicyanamide anion; L(1-4) = 2,6-bis(R2-iminomethyl)-4-R1-phenolato, where R1 = methyl and tert-butyl, R2 = N,N-dimethyl ethylene for L(1-2) and R1 = methyl and tert-butyl, R2 = 2-(N-ethyl) pyridine for L(3-4)]. A UV-vis spectrophotometric study using 3,5-di-tert butylcatechol (3,5-DTBC) reveals that all the complexes are highly active in catalyzing the aerobic oxidation of (3,5-DTBC) to 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoquinone (3,5-DTBQ) in methanol medium with the formation of hydrogen peroxide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith the aim of controlling helicity of self-assembled fibers, a pair of water soluble perylene derivatives has been designed and synthesized. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions and π-π stacking, combined with the effect of molecular chirality, have been found to guide the aggregation that eventually led to gelation in water upon decreasing pH. This work has demonstrated a new paradigm of simple and non-toxic perylene derivatives for biological applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report unique and spontaneous formation of hydrogels of perylene derivatives with melamine. The luminescent gel network is formed by H-type aggregation of the perylene core, supramolecularly cross-linked by melamine units. As a result of controlled aggregation in the extended nanofibers, strong exciton fluorescence emission is observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConfluence of a modular design approach and self-assembly with a 'steroid-D-π-A' module generates spontaneous polarization in solids and for the first time in nano-architectures constituted from organogels, at room temperature (RT).
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