Outpatient Management of Cancer-Associated Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Outpatient management of pulmonary embolism (PE) remains controversial in patients with cancer due to their higher risks of mortality, recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of outpatient management of cancer-associated PE.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases from inception to May 30, 2024, for studies on outpatient management of cancer-associated PE.

Laparoscopic Treatment of Wilms' Tumor: Criteria of SIOP-UMBRELLA Protocol may be Updated.

Introduction: Total nephrectomies for the treatment of Wilms' tumor (WT) are more and more performed by laparoscopy, although indications for this approach following the UMBRELLA guidelines are currently very restrictive. The purpose of this study was to assess the compliance to the criteria of the UMBRELLA protocol for minimally invasive approach of WT.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included children operated on by laparoscopic total nephrectomy for suspected WT before 2020.

Dalbavancin as salvage therapy in difficult-to-treat patients for diabetes-related foot osteomyelitis.

Objectives: We aimed to describe the efficacy and safety of dalbavancin in treatment of patients with diabetes-related foot osteomyelitis with bone culture confirmation.

Patients And Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2021, all consecutive patients receiving at least one 1500 mg dose of dalbavancin for diabetes-related foot osteomyelitis were included in a retrospective study. Remission was defined as absence of relapsing infection or need for surgery at the initial or a contiguous site during 6-month follow-up from the last dose of dalbavancin.

Performance and Head-to-Head Comparison of Three Clinical Models to Predict Occurrence of Postthrombotic Syndrome: A Validation Study.

Objective:  The SOX-PTS, Amin, and Méan models are three different clinical prediction scores stratifying the risk for postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) development in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs. Herein, we aimed to assess and compare these scores in the same cohort of patients.

Methods:  We retrospectively applied the three scores in a cohort of 181 patients (196 limbs) who participated in the SAVER pilot trial for an acute DVT.

Do clinicians follow heuristics in prescribing antidepressants?

Background: While clinicians commonly learn heuristics to guide antidepressant treatment selection, surveys suggest real-world prescribing practices vary widely. We aimed to determine the extent to which antidepressant prescriptions were consistent with commonly-advocated heuristics for treatment selection.

Methods: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study examined electronic health records from psychiatry and non-psychiatry practice networks affiliated with two large academic medical centers between March 2008 and December 2017.

Preferential Mixture-of-Experts: Interpretable Models that Rely on Human Expertise As Much As Possible.

We propose Preferential MoE, a novel human-ML mixture-of-experts model that augments human expertise in decision making with a data-based classifier only when necessary for predictive performance. Our model exhibits an interpretable gating function that provides information on when human rules should be followed or avoided. The gating function is maximized for using human-based rules, and classification errors are minimized.

How machine-learning recommendations influence clinician treatment selections: the example of the antidepressant selection.

Decision support systems embodying machine learning models offer the promise of an improved standard of care for major depressive disorder, but little is known about how clinicians' treatment decisions will be influenced by machine learning recommendations and explanations. We used a within-subject factorial experiment to present 220 clinicians with patient vignettes, each with or without a machine-learning (ML) recommendation and one of the multiple forms of explanation. We found that interacting with ML recommendations did not significantly improve clinicians' treatment selection accuracy, assessed as concordance with expert psychopharmacologist consensus, compared to baseline scenarios in which clinicians made treatment decisions independently.

Predicting change in diagnosis from major depression to bipolar disorder after antidepressant initiation.

We aimed to develop and validate classification models able to identify individuals at high risk for transition from a diagnosis of depressive disorder to one of bipolar disorder. This retrospective health records cohort study applied outpatient clinical data from psychiatry and nonpsychiatry practice networks affiliated with two large academic medical centers between March 2008 and December 2017. Participants included 67,807 individuals with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder or depressive disorder not otherwise specified and no prior diagnosis of bipolar disorder, who received at least one of the nine antidepressant medications.

Assessment of a Prediction Model for Antidepressant Treatment Stability Using Supervised Topic Models.

Importance: In the absence of readily assessed and clinically validated predictors of treatment response, pharmacologic management of major depressive disorder often relies on trial and error.

Objective: To assess a model using electronic health records to identify predictors of treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study included data from 81 630 adults with a coded diagnosis of major depressive disorder from 2 academic medical centers in Boston, Massachusetts, including outpatient primary and specialty care clinics from December 1, 1997, to December 31, 2017.

Predicting treatment dropout after antidepressant initiation.

Antidepressants exhibit similar efficacy, but varying tolerability, in randomized controlled trials. Predicting tolerability in real-world clinical populations may facilitate personalization of treatment and maximize adherence. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study aimed to determine the extent to which incorporating patient history from electronic health records improved prediction of unplanned treatment discontinuation at index antidepressant prescription.

Case-control Indian buffet process identifies biomarkers of response to Codrituzumab.

Background: Codrituzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against Glypican-3 (GPC3), which is expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), was tested in a randomized phase II trial in advanced HCC patients who had failed prior systemic therapy. Biomarker analysis was performed to identify a responder population that benefits from treatment.

Methods: A novel statistical method based on the Indian buffet process (IBP) was used to identify biomarkers predictive of response to treatment with Codrituzumab.

Mycobacterium mucogenicum bacteremia: major role of clinical microbiologists.

Introduction: Mycobacterium mucogenicum is a rare but emerging cause of infections, especially in immunocompromised patients.

Case Presentation: We describe a new case of M. mucogenicum catheter-related bloodstream infection in a 34-year-old woman with ovarian cancer.

Economic complexity unfolded: Interpretable model for the productive structure of economies.

Economic complexity reflects the amount of knowledge that is embedded in the productive structure of an economy. It resides on the premise of hidden capabilities-fundamental endowments underlying the productive structure. In general, measuring the capabilities behind economic complexity directly is difficult, and indirect measures have been suggested which exploit the fact that the presence of the capabilities is expressed in a country's mix of products.

Suppressive antibiotic therapy with oral tetracyclines for prosthetic joint infections: a retrospective study of 78 patients.

Purpose: This study aimed at describing the use of oral cyclines (i.e., doxycycline and minocycline) as suppressive antibiotic therapy (SAT) in patients with periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs).

Suppressive antibiotic therapy with oral doxycycline for Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infection: a retrospective study of 39 patients.

The aim of this study was to describe the use of oral doxycycline as suppressive antibiotic therapy (SAT) in patients with Staphylococcus aureus periprosthetic (hip or knee) joint infections. The medical charts of all patients with surgical revisions for S. aureus hip or knee prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) who were given doxycycline-based SAT because of a high risk of failure of various origins were reviewed.

Determination of Adherence Profiles in Schizophrenia Using Self-Reported Adherence: Results From the FACE-SZ Dataset.

Objective: Medication nonadherence is one of the most important, and potentially modifiable, prognostic factors in the outcome of patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this article is to propose a new classification of adherence profiles according to the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) in a large community-dwelling sample of French patients with schizophrenia to provide a new tool to help clinicians in daily practice.

Methods: 319 community-dwelling patients from a national network of 10 Schizophrenia Expert Centers were interviewed between January 2009 and January 2014.

Community acquired fungemia caused by Candida pulcherrima: diagnostic contribution of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Background: Community-onset candidemia constitute a distinct clinical entity the incidence of which is increasing. Contribution of non-albicans Candida species is rising.

Case Presentation: We describe here the first reported case of community acquired fungemia due to Candida pulcherrima.

Tropical infection after a case of total hip arthroplasty.

In non-endemic areas, malaria is mainly an imported disease. This article reports a case of transfusion-related Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a non-endemic area. Despite initial clinical signs consistent with malaria, the diagnosis was not elicited because of the absence of any identified epidemiological risk factors.

Influence of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism, cannabis and childhood sexual abuse on phenotype of bipolar disorder: a preliminary study.

Objective: The gene coding for the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) is considered as a candidate gene for bipolar disorder, either as a "vulnerability" or as a "modifying the phenotype" gene. Psychotic symptoms occur at least once in one bipolar patient out of two, the relevant risk factors being insufficiently understood. The gene × environment interaction approach offers the opportunity to disentangle the latter, including childhood sexual abuse and cannabis abuse.