Evaluation of uncertainties in lung measurement of actinides due to non-uniform distribution of activity in lungs.

Various parameters can introduce uncertainties in the lung activity measurements of actinides. In this study, uncertainties due to non-uniform distribution of activity in the lungs are evaluated. To study the effect of non-uniform distribution, lungs of ICRP male thorax voxel and resized phantoms are divided into upper and lower parts of both right and left lungs as well as into anterior and posterior lung regions.

METHODOLOGY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF INGESTED ACTINIDES FROM MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF VOXEL PHANTOM.

In case of internal contamination of actinides by ingestion pathway, activity will be transferred to various regions of the alimentary tract over a period of time. In this article, counting efficiencies (CEs) of Phoswich and an array of HPGe detectors are estimated for source in alimentary tract of voxel phantom. The phantom as well as Phoswich, and an array of three HPGe detectors are incorporated in Monte Carlo code 'FLUKA'.

Applying a low energy HPGe detector gamma ray spectrometric technique for the evaluation of Pu/Am ratio in biological samples.

The estimation of Pu/(241)Am ratio in the biological samples is an important input for the assessment of internal dose received by the workers. The radiochemical separation of Pu isotopes and (241)Am in a sample followed by alpha spectrometry is a widely used technique for the determination of Pu/(241)Am ratio. However, this method is time consuming and many times quick estimation is required.

Assessment of uncertainties in the lung activity measurement of low-energy photon emitters using Monte Carlo simulation of ICRP male thorax voxel phantom.

Assessment of intake due to long-lived actinides by inhalation pathway is carried out by lung monitoring of the radiation workers inside totally shielded steel room using sensitive detection systems such as Phoswich and an array of HPGe detectors. In this paper, uncertainties in the lung activity estimation due to positional errors, chest wall thickness (CWT) and detector background variation are evaluated. First, calibration factors (CFs) of Phoswich and an array of three HPGe detectors are estimated by incorporating ICRP male thorax voxel phantom and detectors in Monte Carlo code 'FLUKA'.

Validation of the TRMM Multi Satellite Rainfall Product 3B42 and estimation of scavenging coefficients for (131)I and (137)Cs using TRMM 3B42 rainfall data.

The TRMM rainfall product 3B42 is compared with rain gauge observations for Kaiga, India on monthly and seasonal time scales. This comparison is carried out for the years 2004-2007 spanning four monsoon seasons. A good correlation is obtained between the two data sets however; magnitude wise, the cumulative precipitation of the satellite product on monthly and seasonal time scales is deficient by almost 33-40% as compared to the rain gauge data.

Monte Carlo simulation of skull and knee voxel phantoms for the assessment of skeletal burden of low-energy photon emitters.

In case of internal contamination due to long-lived actinides by inhalation or injection pathway, a major portion of activity will be deposited in the skeleton and liver over a period of time. In this study, calibration factors (CFs) of Phoswich and an array of HPGe detectors are estimated using skull and knee voxel phantoms. These phantoms are generated from International Commission of Radiation Protection reference male voxel phantom.

N'-{(E)-[5-(Hy-droxy-meth-yl)furan-2-yl]methyl-idene}pyridine-4-carbohydrazide dihydrate.

In the title compound, C12H11N3O3·2H2O, the dihedral angle formed by the planes of the pyridine and the furan rings of the organic carbohydrazide mol-ecule is 4.66 (7)°. In the crystal, these mol-ecules form stacks along the b-axis direction, neighbouring mol-ecules within each stack being related by inversion and the shortest distance between the centroids of the pyridine and furan rings being 3.

2-{(E)-[(2Z)-2-(1,2-Di-hydro-phthalazin-1-yl-idene)hydrazinyl-idene]meth-yl}phenol.

The title compound, C15H12N4O, adopts an E conformation with respect to the azomethine bond and crystallizes in its hydrazinyl-idene tautomeric form. The dihedral angle between the ring systems is 15.98 (7)°.

Concentration of 3H in ground water and estimation of committed effective dose due to ground water ingestion in some places in the Maharashtra state, India.

The measurement of tritium in environmental samples requires highest possible sensitivity. In the present study, the authors have optimised the counting window for the analysis of (3)H in environmental samples using the recently installed Ultra Low Level Quantulus 1220 Liquid Scintillation Counting at BARC to improve the detection limit of the system. The optimised counting window corresponding to the highest figure of merit of 883.

N'-[(E)-2-Hy-droxy-5-meth-oxy-benzyl-idene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide monohydrate.

The title compound, C14H13N3O3·H2O, adopts an E conformation with respect to the azomethine bond and crystallizes in the amide form. An intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, the lattice water molecule plays a major role in the supramolecular architecture by interconnecting adjacent molecules into a three-dimensional netwrok by means of O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions.

Study on enhanced atmospheric dispersion of 41Ar at the Trombay site.

An extensive study has been carried out within the site of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, for examining the atmospheric dispersion of (41)Ar released from research reactors. The release rate, release height, meteorological parameters and geographical information were used to establish correlation between theoretical estimation using Gaussian plume dispersion model (GPDM) and dose/dose rate data obtained from Gammatracers (GTs). Ten monitoring locations were selected in five sectors and at different downwind distances from the release point.