Sequential carotid Doppler study in acute stroke and its clinical correlation: A prospective study.

Objectives: Resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) assessed on carotid Doppler assess the hemodynamic status of cranial vasculature. They are related to the severity of stroke and help determine the overall outcome. This study was done to compare the hospital stay and stroke severity with RI and PI of both internal carotid arteries.

1H NMR Using Metabolic Study in Body Fluids for Diagnosis of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Adults.

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis is considered to affect HIV patients and those with impaired immune systems. Early identification and treatment are the keys to decreasing morbidity and mortality related to CM. Using 1H NMR spectroscopy, a prospective case-control study will assess the metabolic profile of adults' serum, urine, and CSF.

Cranial Autonomic Symptoms in Migraine: An Observational Study.

Objective: Our aim was to observe frequency of cranial autonomic symptoms (CAS) in migraineurs (primary) and its relation with laterality of headache or other factors, if any.

Background: Migraine episodes have headaches with or without aura, and sometimes associated with systemic autonomic nervous system symptoms. Primarily presence of cranial autonomic symptoms suggests diagnosis of TACs.

A Comparative Study of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Asymmetry Index in Stroke Patients with or without Poststroke Depression Using Tc-ECD Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography.

 Stroke is a major cause of death and disability around the globe. The development of depression following a stroke further increases the disability and impairs functional recovery. In recent decades, despite the advancement in structural and nuclear medicine imaging, the pathophysiologic basis of poststroke depression (PSD) is not well understood.

Autonomic Function Tests, Heart Rate Variability, and Electrophysiological Evaluation in Patients With a Primary Episodic Headache: An Observational Study.

Purpose: Cranial autonomic symptoms are typically associated with the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias and also present in substantial cases of migraine. Autonomic nervous system dysfunctions are also been reported in headache disorders and postulated to promote headache attacks. This study was aimed to evaluate the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic functions tests in patients with a episodic primary headache and to investigate, if any, electrophysiological abnormalities in the blink reflex test and sympathetic skin response test in these patients.

Economic Burden of Cancer Treatment in a Region in South India: A Cross Sectional Analytical Study.

Introduction: The rising cost of cancer diagnosis and treatment has imposed a huge financial burden on the affected households. Understanding the nature of this burden will help us to formulate plans to avoid financial distress among the same.

Objective: The study aims to estimate the Out of Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) for the management of selected solid cancers among the Out-Patient Department (OPD) of Regional Cancer Centre in South India and to determine the proportion of families experiencing Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) due to the same.

Clinical value of perilesional perfusion deficit measured by Technetium-99m-ECD single-photon emission computed tomography in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Pathological and experimental studies indicate the existence of a "penumbra" of progressive tissue damage and edema in regions immediately surrounding a hematoma in patients of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This zone of oligemia surrounding ICH has a potential for perfusion recovery. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of perilesional blood flow changes and brain injury after ICH may result in improved treatment strategies.

A DS Score to Predict the Risk of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia in Acute Stroke: An Indian Perspective.

 Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is an important cause of poststroke morbidity and mortality. Several clinical risk scores predict the risk of SAP. In this study, we used the A DS score (age, atrial fibrillation, dysphagia, sex, and stroke severity) to assess the risk of SAP in patients admitted with acute stroke.

Mandating nerve biopsy: A step towards personalizing therapy in pure neuritic leprosy.

Pure neuritic leprosy (PNL) accounts for 5% to 10% of leprosy patients who usually present with asymmetrical neuropathy in the absence of lepra bacilli on slit-skin smears. However, nerve biopsies in PNL lack appropriate categorization in current immunologic terms. We aimed to classify nerve biopsies according to the immune spectrum of leprosy and assess the role of histologic classification of nerve biopsies in treating PNL.

Dopa-responsive Dystonia in a Child Misdiagnosed as Cerebral Palsy.

Dopa-responsive dystonia also known as "Segawa's syndrome" was first described in 1976. The dystonia typically shows diurnal variations and is more marked toward the end of the day and improves in sleep. This entity is often misdiagnosed in the clinical setting, mostly due to the lack of awareness, and these patients are exposed to various treatment regimens and nonpharmacological measures.

Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction in nerve biopsy specimens of patients with Hansen's disease.

Background: Pure neuritic variety of leprosy (PNL) presents as peripheral neuropathy with absent skin lesions and negative skin smears. Diagnosing PNL is an uphill task as most of these patients have nonspecific changes on nerve biopsy. In such circumstances, additional molecular diagnostic tools like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proven to be useful in diagnosing leprosy.

Stroke Associated With Varicella Zoster Vasculopathy: A Clinicoradiological Profile of 3 Patients.

Introduction: Varicella zoster (VZ) vasculopathy is a rare but well recognized cause of stroke. In the absence of zoster rash and infection in remote past, the disease can pose diagnostic challenge. We report 3 cases of anterior circulation stroke occurring in close temporal relation to VZ.

Rapidly Resolving Weakness Related to Hypokalemia in Patients Infected With Dengue Virus.

Objectives: Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by arbovirus and well known for its typical fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Acute hypokalemic quadriparesis is a rare presentation of dengue with uncertain pathogenesis. We aim to describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of rapidly resolving weakness related to hypokalemia in patients infected with dengue virus.

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in a Child with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infection.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a fatal infectious disease of childhood caused by persistence of the measles virus in the brain. The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection on subacute sclerosing panencephalitis remains elusive and rare. We report a child who developed subacute sclerosing panencephalitis following a short latency period and a rapidly progressive course with HIV co-infection.

Visual pathway abnormalities in tuberculous meningitis.

Ophthalmological complications are common and disabling in patients with tuberculous meningitis. We aimed to study the visual pathway abnormalities in patients with tuberculous meningitis. Forty-three patients with tuberculous meningitis were subjected to visual evoked responses (VER) and neuroophthalmologic assessment.

Nerve biopsy in Indian patients with mononeuropathy multiplex of undetermined etiology.

Introduction: A diagnosis of mononeuropathy multiplex (MM) requires detailed evaluation to determine etiology. We performed nerve biopsy on patients with MM in whom the etiology could not be established via other investigations.

Methods: Sixty-eight patients with MM seen between January 2013 and June 2014 underwent detailed diagnostic evaluation.

Quantitative electromyography in dengue-associated muscle dysfunction.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to document the muscle involvement in dengue virus infection using quantitative electromyography (QEMG).

Methods: The patients with dengue myopathy were subjected to clinical examination including muscle power, tone, reflex, and sensations. Blood counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum creatine kinase (CK), and electrolytes were determined.

MR angiography in tuberculous meningitis.

Background: Infarctions in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are common but there is a paucity of studies on MR angiography (MRA).

Purpose: To evaluate the pattern and predictors of MRA abnormality in patients with TBM.

Material And Methods: Sixty-seven patients with TBM were subjected to clinical, laboratory, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MRA evaluation.

Stroke in tuberculous meningitis.

Stroke in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) occurs in 15-57% of patients especially in advance stage and severe illness. The majority of strokes may be asymptomatic because of being in a silent area, deep coma or associated pathology such as spinal arachnoiditis or tuberculoma. Methods of evaluation also influence the frequency of stroke.

Spectrum of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis in a tertiary care centre in India.

Background: Acute flaccid paralysis is a common neurological emergency with diverse causes and variable outcome. There is a paucity of reports documenting the spectrum of hypokalaemic paralysis in neurological practice.

Objective: To report the clinical features, aetiology, and outcome of patients with hypokalaemic paralysis in a tertiary care teaching hospital in India.

Stiff limb syndrome: end of spectrum or a separate entity?

Background: Stiff-person syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by rigidity of axial or limb muscles with episodes of co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles during the spasms. In some patients axial or limb involvement may predominate and may have unusual manifestations.

Design: Case report.