Theranostics: aptamer-assisted carbon nanotubes as MRI contrast and photothermal agent for breast cancer therapy.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women globally, making its diagnosis and treatment challenging. The use of nanotechnology for cancer diagnosis and treatment is an emerging area of research. To address this issue, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were ligand exchanged with butyric acid (BA) to gain hydrophilic character.

Nanomedicine at the Pulmonary Frontier: Immune-Centric Approaches for Respiratory Disease Treatment.

Respiratory diseases (RD) are a group of common ailments with a rapidly increasing global prevalence, posing a significant threat to humanity, especially the elderly population, and imposing a substantial burden on society and the economy. RD represents an unmet medical need that requires the development of viable pharmacotherapies. While various promising strategies have been devised to advance potential treatments for RD, their implementation has been hindered by difficulties in drug delivery, particularly in critically ill patients.

Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: complexity, mechanism and associated disorders.

Background: Coronaviruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are associated with critical illnesses, including severe respiratory disorders. SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the deadly COVID-19 illness, which has spread globally as a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 may enter the human body through olfactory lobes and interact with the angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) receptor, further facilitating cell binding and entry into the cells.

Advanced Overview of Biomarkers and Techniques for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease.

The development of early non-invasive diagnosis methods and identification of novel biomarkers are necessary for managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and facilitating effective prognosis and treatment. AD has multi-factorial nature and involves complex molecular mechanism, which causes neuronal degeneration. The primary challenges in early AD detection include patient heterogeneity and lack of precise diagnosis at the preclinical stage.

In pursuit of next-generation therapeutics: Antimicrobial peptides against superbugs, their sources, mechanism of action, nanotechnology-based delivery, and clinical applications.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) attracted attention as potential source of novel antimicrobials. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections have emerged as a global threat to public health in recent years. Furthermore, due to rapid emergence of new diseases, there is pressing need for development of efficient antimicrobials.

Blood-brain barrier: emerging trends on transport models and new-age strategies for therapeutics intervention against neurological disorders.

The integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for normal central nervous system (CNS) functioning. Considering the significance of BBB in maintaining homeostasis and the neural environment, we aim to provide an overview of significant aspects of BBB. Worldwide, the treatment of neurological diseases caused by BBB disruption has been a major challenge.

Efficacious cellular codelivery of doxorubicin and EGFP siRNA mediated by the composition of PLGA and PEI protected gold nanoparticles.

This study reports the simultaneous delivery of EGFP siRNA and the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin by means of the composition that results from the electrostatic interaction between positively charged siRNA-complexes of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) capped with PEI, 25kDa (P25-AuNPs) and negatively charged carboxymethyl cellulose formulated PLGA nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin. The nanoparticles and their facile interaction were studied by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, transmission electron microscopic (TEM) measurements. The flow cytometric and confocal microscopic analysis evidenced the simultaneous internalization of both labelled siRNA and doxorubin into around 55% of the HeLa cancer cell population.

An organocatalytic highly efficient approach to the direct synthesis of substituted carbazoles in water.

A simple, mild, green, catalytic and general procedure for the direct synthesis of highly functionalized 1-methoxycarbonyl-2-aryl/alkyl-3-nitro-9H-carbazoles has been achieved in water medium via a one-pot domino Michael-Henry/aromatization reaction of methyl 2-(3-formyl-1H-indol-2-yl)acetates with aryl/alky-substituted β-nitroolefins under air using DABCO (30 mol%) as an organocatalyst. In addition, the bench scale synthesis can be performed without using toxic organic solvents and a biologically important new fused carbazole has been prepared.

L-proline catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of (E)-methyl-α-indol-2-yl-β-aryl/alkyl acrylates: easy access to substituted carbazoles, γ-carbolines and prenostodione.

A simple, mild and robust method for the stereoselective synthesis of (E)-methyl α-(3-formyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-β-aryl/alkyl-substituted acrylates via a condensation reaction of methyl 2-(3-formyl-1H-indol-2-yl)acetate with several alkyl or aryl aldehydes using L-proline (25 mol%) as a catalyst is presented for the first time. In addition, completely metal free based high yielding methods for the syntheses of highly substituted biologically important carbazoles, γ-carbolines and the marine alkaloid prenostodione have been developed through our methodology.