RAM cannula versus short binasal prongs for nasal continuous positive airway pressure delivery in preterm infants: a randomized, noninferiority trial from low-middle-income country.

Unlabelled: To determine if RAM cannula is non-inferior to short binasal prongs (SBP) in providing nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In this randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial from a low-middle-income country, we enrolled 254 preterm infants (28-34 weeks gestational age) with RDS who needed CPAP as primary respiratory support. The eligible infants were randomized to either RAM cannula or SBP interface groups.

Perceptions of the parents of deceased children and of healthcare providers about end-of-life communication and breaking bad news at a tertiary care public hospital in India: A qualitative exploratory study.

Background: Parents of dying children face unique challenge and expect compassionate support from health care providers (HCPs). This study explored the experiences of the parents and HCPs about the end-of-life care and breaking bad news and related positive and negative factors in Indian context.

Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted at paediatrics department of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.

Two-hourly vs Three-hourly Feeding in Very Low Birthweight Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: There is no consensus regarding the feeding interval in very low birth weight (VLBW) babies. If 2-hourly feeding schedule is feasible without increasing harm to the neonate, the nursing time consumed in the feeding of VLBW babies can be reduced.

Objective: To study whether 3-hourly feeding is non-inferior to 2-hourly feeding with respect to time to reach full feeds in VLBW neonates.

Change in Bone Mineral Density and Role of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation During Treatment of First Episode Nephrotic Syndrome.

Introduction: Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is one of the common illnesses in childhood. Oral glucocorticoids are mainstay of treatment, which are known to cause various short term and long term adverse effects including osteoporosis. Children with first episode and infrequent relapsing NS are not prescribed Calcium (Ca) and Vitamin D (VitD) supplements routinely.

A case of periodic hypokalemic paralysis in a patient with celiac disease.

A 4-year-old male child presented with recurrent episodes of diarrhoea for 6-months, each episode associated with weakness of all four limbs and documented hypokalemia who on examination had some pallor, short stature, flaccid quadriparesis with absent DTR. The patient responded clinically and biochemically to potassium supplement. TTG and Intestinal biopsy confirmed celiac disease.

Causes of unnatural deaths among children and adolescents in northern India - a qualitative analysis of postmortem data.

Aim of the study was to ascertain the various causes of unnatural deaths among 1-19 years analysing the postmortem data in a regional referral centre of northern India. A retrospective observational study from the data base was done for the same. All unnatural deaths in children aged 1-19 years from April 2010 to March 2011 were identified from the postmortem database.

The role and reliability of rapid bedside diagnostic test in early diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis.

Objective: To evaluate the role and reliability of rapid bedside diagnostic test in early diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis in children using reagent strips.

Methods: This prospective, single blinded study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology of VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, over a period of 15 mo (August 2009 to Nov 2010). Seventy-five children aged 3 mo to 12 y admitted in the pediatric ward with suspected diagnosis of acute meningitis were included.

Nutritional rickets presenting with myelofibrosis.

We describe the clinical course of a 10-month-old breastfed infant with rickets and associated myelofibrosis presenting with anemia and hepatosplenomegaly. Over the follow up, on therapeutic supplementation of vitamin D, child showed reduction in liver and spleen size along with improvement in rickets, anemia, growth and developmental parameters.