Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Supplementation and Exposure of Cigarette Smoke on Bcl-2, P53 Protein, and TNF-α Expression in the Epitels of Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Bladder.

To determine the effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) supplementation on Bcl-2, P53 protein and TNF- α expression in the bladder of rats which is exposed to cigarette smoke.

Methods: The study is a true experimental in Wistar rats. Sample was divided into 4 groups: group A had a 0.

Parental Perspectives Regarding Circumcision during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Indonesia.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread worldwide and affected the healthcare system, including the deferral of surgical practice. There are various reactions regarding delayed surgeries, but parental viewpoints towards circumcision remain scarce. In light of the pandemic, this study aimed to evaluate how parents feel about circumcision and the probable determining variables.

TGF-β1 Effects on Total Collagen of the New Zealand Rabbit's Urethral Wall (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Animal Models of Urethral Stricture.

Background: Currently, animal models of urethral stricture are not standardized. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) regulates extracellular matrix deposition in homeostatic and pathological responses.

Objective: The aim of this study was to present the potential model to be developed as a urethral stricture.

The Effect Of Continuously Dutasteride Monotherapy on The Expression Of Protein Kinase C-Alpha Enzyme In BPH Model Of Wistar Strain Rattus Novergicus Rat.

Background: Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is frequently found in the elderly and significantly impacts the quality of life. One of the risk factors that induce BPH is the androgen hormone. One of the effective medications in reducing the severity of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms caused by BPH is the α-adrenergic receptor 5α-reductase inhibitor.

Prevalence of burnout and its associated factors among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study.

Shifting learning process due to COVID-19 has led to increased burnout prevalence among medical students. Thus, this study aimed to assess burnout prevalence and its associated factors among Indonesian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students in Malang, Indonesia.

Deciphering the Role of TGF-β1 in Altering Collagen I and Collagen III in the New Zealand Rabbit's (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Urethral Wall in Urethral Stricture Development.

Background: Presently, there's a lack of standardization in animal models used for studying urethral stricture. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) is known to regulate the deposition of extracellular matrix in both normal and pathological conditions. This factor holds promise as a potential model for simulating urethral stricture.

Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis Treatment Using Alarm-Therapy and Desmopressin: A Meta-analysis Approach.

Background: One of the common pediatric issues is monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE). MNE is involuntarily urine-voiding in night sleep without lower urinary tract symptoms, such as daytime frequency, incontinence, or urgency. Alarm therapy and desmopressin have been used for treating MNE, but there is no clear comparison of the effectiveness of the two modalities.

Common Practice of Hypospadias Management by Pediatric Urologists in Indonesia: A Multi-center Descriptive Study from Referral Hospitals.

Background: Hypospadias is the second most common congenital anomalies among human congenital disabilities. There are over 300 surgery techniques being introduced to treat hypospadias. The successful of hypospadias repair is assessed by several outcomes as well as complications following surgery.