Advancements in AI based healthcare techniques with FOCUS ON diagnostic techniques.

Since the past decade, the interest towards more precise and efficient healthcare techniques with special emphasis on diagnostic techniques has increased. Artificial Intelligence has proved to be instrumental in development of various such techniques. The various types of AI like ML, NLP, RPA etc.

Humilisin E: Strategy for the Synthesis and Access to the Functionalized Bicyclic Core.

Humilisin E is a diterpenoid possessing a rare epoxidized cyclononene -fused with a bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane core.

Exploration of Vitamin B-Based Redox-Active Pyridinium Salts Towards the Application in Aqueous Organic Flow Batteries.

Pyridoxal hydrochloride, a vitamin B vitamer, was synthetically converted to a series of diverse redox-active benzoyl pyridinium salts. Cyclic voltammetry studies demonstrated redox reversibility under basic conditions, and two of the most promising salts were subjected to laboratory-scale flow battery tests involving galvanostatic cycling at 10 mM in 0.1 M NaOH.

(Re-)Viewing Role of Intracellular Glucose Beyond Extracellular Regulation of Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion by Pancreatic Cells.

For glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by pancreatic β-cells in animals, it is believed that ATP generated from glucose metabolism is primarily responsible. However, this ignores two well-established aspects in literature: (a) intracellular ATP generation from other sources resulting in an overall pool of ATP, regardless of the original source, and (b) that intracellular glucose transport is 10- to 100-fold higher than intracellular glucose phosphorylation in β-cells. The latter especially provides an earlier unaddressed, but highly appealing, observation pertaining to (at least transient) the presence of intracellular glucose molecules.

Health-care-associated bloodstream and urinary tract infections in a network of hospitals in India: a multicentre, hospital-based, prospective surveillance study.

Background: Health-care-associated infections (HAIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality globally, including in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Networks of hospitals implementing standardised HAI surveillance can provide valuable data on HAI burden, and identify and monitor HAI prevention gaps. Hospitals in many LMICs use HAI case definitions developed for higher-resourced settings, which require human resources and laboratory and imaging tests that are often not available.

An unusual case of tenosynovitis in Hansen's disease.

Tenosynovitis is an infrequent presentation of Hansen's disease. It may occur during the natural course of disease or treatment as part of type 1 reaction or rarely may be the presenting complaint. We report a case of tenosynovitis of bilateral wrist joints who after being ineffectively treated by an orthopedician as well as rheumatologist for several months and was finally diagnosed as a case of Hansen's disease (borderline lepromatous) in type 1 reaction with excellent response to multidrug therapy and tapering doses of systemic steroids.

Prins cyclization-mediated stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydropyrans and dihydropyrans: an inspection of twenty years.

Functionalized tetrahydropyran (THP) rings are important building blocks and ubiquitous scaffolds in many natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Among various established methods, the Prins reaction has emerged as a powerful technique in the stereoselective synthesis of the tetrahydropyran skeleton with various substituents, and the strategy has further been successfully applied in the total synthesis of bioactive macrocycles and related natural products. In this context, hundreds of valuable contributions have already been made in this area, and the present review is intended to provide the systematic assortment of diverse Prins cyclization strategies, covering the literature reports of the last twenty years (from 2000 to 2019), with an aim to give an overview on exciting advancements in this area and designing new strategies for the total synthesis of related natural products.

Induction of microtubule hyper stabilization and robust G /M arrest by N-4-CN in human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells.

Aim: Elucidation of the antiproliferative efficacy and mechanism of action of a design-optimized noscapine analog, N-4-CN.

Methods: Cell viability was studied using an MTT assay. The drug-tubulin interactions were investigated using spectrofluorometry.

Hansen's disease in the era of COVID-19: An observation on a series of six patients with co-infection.

Since the onset of the present pandemic, effect of the novel corona virus on other infectious conditions continues to be investigated. Although the immunological responses to SARS-Cov-2 infection have been elaborated extensively, they fail to explain, variations in its clinical manifestations and its interaction with other diseases. Hansen's disease is known to present as a complex immunological response to the lepra bacilli, resulting in its varied spectral manifestations.

9-PAN promotes tubulin- and ROS-mediated cell death in human triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Objectives: To examine the antiproliferative effect of a rationally designed, novel noscapine analogue, 9-((perfluorophenyl)methylene) aminonoscapine, '9-PAN') on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action.

Methods: The rationally designed Schiff base-containing compound, 9-PAN, was characterized using IR, NMR and mass spectra analysis. The effect of the compound on cell viability was studied using an MTT assay.

e-Healthcare service quality: consumer satisfaction and its association with demographic characteristics.

Purpose: Use of technology for quality healthcare services has developed into a new field known as "e-Healthcare services." Healthcare providers often judge their quality of services with consumer satisfaction. With e-Healthcare services, consumer satisfaction is influenced by the quality of healthcare services provided and the demographic characteristics.

Role of 'One Stop Crisis Centre' in Identifying and Assisting Victims of Violence in an Indian Health Care Setup.

Introduction: Cases of female targeted violence often go uncounted in India. To identify the unreported cases of violence, Sukoon was established in 2014 as a hospital-based 'One Stop Crisis Centre' (OSCC). Sukoon provides counselling, police assistance and legal aid to the victims.

Assessment of core capacities for antimicrobial stewardship practices in indian hospitals: Report from a multicentric initiative of global health security agenda.

Introduction: Antimicrobial-resistant HAI (Healthcare associated infection) are a global challenge due to their impact on patient outcome. Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes (AMSP) is needed at institutional and national levels. Assessment of core capacities for AMSP is an important starting point to initiate nationwide AMSP.

Diversity-Oriented Approach Toward the Syntheses of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids via a Common Chiral Synthon.

Functionalized hydroindole (1), a common chiral synthon, for versatile transformations to synthesize a broad range of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AAs) including (-)-crinine, (-)-crinane, (-)-amabiline, (+)-mesembrine, (-)-maritidine, (-)-oxomaritidine, and (+)-mesembrane is reported. Scaffold 1 is found as a prime structural motif in a wide variety of the AAs and is a novel synthon toward designing a divergent route for the synthesis of these natural products. This is established in a few steps, starting from a chiral aza-bicyclo-heptene sulfone scaffold (2) via conjugate addition and concomitant stereoselective ring opening with allylmagnesium bromide, a key step that generates a crucial quaternary stereocenter, fixing the stereochemistry of the rest of the molecule at an early stage.

Mechanism of radioprotection by dihydroxy-1-selenolane (DHS): Effect of fatty acid conjugation and role of glutathione peroxidase (GPx).

Dihydroxy-1-selenolane (DHS) previously reported to exhibit radioprotective activity was investigated to understand its mechanism of action in CHO cells of epithelial origin. DHS pre-treatment at 25 μM for 16 h significantly protected CHO cells from radiation (4-11 Gy)-induced delayed mitotic cell death. Further to examine, how increased cellular uptake can influence this mechanism, studies have been performed with DHS-C, a lipophilic conjugate of DHS.

Cellular evaluation of diselenonicotinamide (DSNA) as a radioprotector against cell death and DNA damage.

Diselenonicotinamide (DSNA), a synthetic organoselenium compound, was evaluated for its radioprotective effect in cellular models. A clonogenic assay in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and an apoptosis assay in murine splenic lymphocytes indicated that pre-treatment with DSNA at a concentration of 25 μM significantly protected them from radiation-induced cell death. Upon irradiation (1-12 Gy), dose-response studies were carried out under similar treatment conditions, and its dose modification factor (DMF) was estimated to be 1.

Effect of Low-Dose Selenium Supplementation on the Genotoxicity, Tissue Injury and Survival of Mice Exposed to Acute Whole-Body Irradiation.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the radioprotective effect of low-dose selenium supplementation (multiple administrations) on radiation toxicities and mortality induced by lethal dose of whole-body irradiation (WBI). For this, BALB/c mice received sodium selenite (4 μg/kg body wt) intraperitoneally for five consecutive days and subjected to WBI at an absorbed dose of 8 Gy (Co, 1 Gy/min). Administration of sodium selenite was continued even during the post irradiation days three times a week till the end of the experiment.

Dihydroxyselenolane (DHS) supplementation improves survival following whole-body irradiation (WBI) by suppressing tissue-specific inflammatory responses.

Dihydroxyselenolane (DHS), a simple water-soluble organoselenium compound, was evaluated for radioprotection in BALB/c mice after whole-body irradiation (WBI) (8Gy (60)Co, 1Gy/min), by monitoring 30-d post-irradiation survival and biochemical/histological changes in radiosensitive organs. Intraperitoneal administration of DHS at 2mg/kg for five consecutive days before irradiation and three times per week during the post-irradiation period showed maximum benefit (40% improvement in 30 d post-irradiation survival). DHS treatment, despite inducing expression of glutathione peroxidases (GPx1, GPx2, and GPx4) in spleen and intestine, did not protect against radiation-induced acute (10-day) haematopoietic and gastrointestinal toxicities.

Alkyl chain modulated cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of bioinspired amphiphilic selenolanes.

A series of amphiphilic conjugates of dihydroxy selenolane (DHS) and monoamine selenolane (MAS), which we had previously reported to inhibit lipid peroxidation and assist the oxidative protein folding reaction respectively in cell free systems, were evaluated for cytotoxicity, associated mechanisms and antioxidant effects in cells. Our results indicated that a fatty acid/alkyl group of variable chain lengths (C) as a lipophilic moiety of the DHS/MAS conjugates not only improved their ability to incorporate within the plasma membrane of cells but also modulated their cytotoxicity. In the concentration range of 1-50 μM, C conjugates were non-toxic whereas the long chain (≥C) conjugates showed significant cytotoxicity.

Management of polytrauma patients in emergency department: An experience of a tertiary care health institution of northern India.

Background: In a tertiary care institute of northern India, the emergency department receives an average of 6-7 patients with poly trauma every day. Of these patients, some come directly and many are referred from other hospitals from the region. Various problems are faced in the management of patients with poly trauma.