Application of Reversible Four-Dimensional Printing of Shape Memory Alloys and Shape Memory Polymers in Structural Engineering: A State-of-the-Art Review.

The rapid development and advancements in field of shape memory alloys (SMAA) has tremendously increased the progress in four-dimensional (4D) printing. The conventional 4D printing will require skilled manpower but utilization of reversibility aspect achieved using self adjusting external stimuli will eliminate the necessity of sophisticated devices and human intervention in 4D printing. The components created using reversible 4D printing can be reused after each recovery cycle that suits the current industry requirements.

A Futuristic Development in 3D Printing Technique Using Nanomaterials with a Step Toward 4D Printing.

3D bioprinting has shown great promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for creating patient-specific tissue scaffolds and medicinal devices. The quickness, accurate imaging, and design targeting of this emerging technology have excited biomedical engineers and translational medicine researchers. Recently, scaffolds made from 3D bioprinted tissue have become more clinically effective due to nanomaterials and nanotechnology.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Preprocedural Planning for Left Atrial Procedures in Atrial Fibrillation.

This document summarizes the relevant literature for the selection of preprocedural imaging in three clinical scenarios in patients needing endovascular treatment or cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. These clinical scenarios include preprocedural imaging prior to radiofrequency ablation; prior to left atrial appendage occlusion; and prior to cardioversion. The appropriateness of imaging modalities as they apply to each clinical scenario is rated as usually appropriate, may be appropriate, and usually not appropriate to assist the selection of the most appropriate imaging modality in the corresponding clinical scenarios.

NASCI case of the month: "Unroofed coronary sinus without persistent left-sided superior vena cava".

Unroofed sinus is categorized into four subtypes. Types I and II represent complete unroofing with or without an LSVC, respectively [1]. Types III and IV are partial unroofing involving the mid-CS (type III) or near the LA appendage and left superior pulmonary vein (type IV) [1].

Coronary Artery Disease: Role of Computed Tomography and Recent Advances.

In this review, the authors summarize the role of coronary computed tomography angiography and coronary artery calcium scoring in different clinical presentations of chest pain and preventative care and discuss future directions and new technologies such as pericoronary fat inflammation and the growing footprint of artificial intelligence in cardiovascular medicine.

Integrative analysis of multimodal patient data identifies personalized predictors of tuberculosis treatment prognosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) afflicted 10.6 million people in 2021, and its global burden is increasing due to multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively resistant TB (XDR-TB). Here, we analyze multi-domain information from 5,060 TB patients spanning 10 countries with high burden of MDR-TB from the NIAID TB Portals database to determine predictors of TB treatment outcome.

Chemical remodeling of the mycomembrane with chain-truncated lipids sensitizes mycobacteria to rifampicin.

The outer mycomembrane of and related pathogens is a robust permeability barrier that protects against antibiotic treatment. Here, we demonstrate that synthetic analogues of the mycomembrane biosynthetic precursor trehalose monomycolate bearing truncated lipid chains increase permeability of cells and sensitize them to treatment with the first-line anti-tubercular drug rifampicin. The reported strategy may be useful for enhancing entry of drugs and other molecules to mycobacterial cells, and represents a new way to study mycomembrane structure and function.

Diverse Applications of Three-Dimensional Printing in Biomedical Engineering: A Review.

A three-dimensional (3D) printing is a robotically controlled state-of-the-art technology that is promising for all branches of engineering with a meritorious emphasis to biomedical engineering. The purpose of 3D printing (3DP) is to create exact superstructures without any framework in a brief period with high reproducibility to create intricate and complex patient-tailored structures for organ regeneration, drug delivery, imaging processes, designing personalized dose-specific tablets, developing 3D models of organs to plan surgery and to understand the pathology of disease, manufacturing cost-effective surgical tools, and fabricating implants and organ substitute devices for prolonging the lives of patients, etc. The formulation of bioinks and programmed G codes help to obtain precise 3D structures, which determines the stability and functioning of the 3D-printed structures.

Hyperacute autonomic and cortical function recovery following cardiac arrest resuscitation in a rodent model.

Objective: There is a complex interaction between nervous and cardiovascular systems, but sparse data exist on brain-heart electrophysiological responses to cardiac arrest resuscitation. Our aim was to investigate dynamic changes in autonomic and cortical function during hyperacute stage post-resuscitation.

Methods: Ten rats were resuscitated from 7-min cardiac arrest, as indicators of autonomic response, heart rate (HR), and its variability (HRV) were measured.

Vascular Malformations and Tumors: A Review of Classification and Imaging Features for Cardiothoracic Radiologists.

The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification is a comprehensive histology-based scheme that was updated in 2018. It is important for cardiothoracic imagers to understand this classification to ensure that accurate terminology is used and that archaic terms are avoided when vascular lesions are described. Knowledge of the various malformations (including common conditions, such as venous malformation, arteriovenous fistula, and arteriovenous malformation) and vascular tumors allows for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.

Real-Time Strain-Encoding Cardiovascular MRI for Assessment of Regional Heart Function in Tetralogy of Fallot Patients.

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, where right ventricular (RV) function is an important determinant of subsequent intervention.

Objective: In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of fast strain-encoding (fastSENC; a one-heartbeat sequence) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing regional cardiac function in ToF.

Method: FastSENC was implemented to characterize regional circumferential (Ecc) and longitudinal (Ell) strains in the left ventricle (LV) and RV in post-repair ToF.