Artificial Intelligence and Dentistry: The Future.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Although it was first conceptualized in the 1950s, it has developed rapidly in recent times. AI can undertake complex predictions and make decisions due to its ability to mimic human intelligence.

Progressive Changes in a Torpedo Maculopathy Lesion Over a 6-Year Period.

Purpose: To report the longitudinal changes on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a patient with torpedo maculopathy (TM).

Methods: Retrospective observational study.

Results: A 37-year-old male, without any ocular symptoms, on dilated fundus examination showed a characteristic torpedo-shaped, flat, horizontally oriented, ovoid-shaped, hypopigmented chorioretinal lesion, temporal to the foveal center.

From the operating room: Surgeons' views on difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies.

Backgrounds/aims: Assessing surgical difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is challenging due to variations in surgeon proficiency and institutional protocols. This study evaluates surgeons' perspectives on procedural difficulty and examines how intraoperative findings and preoperative imaging contribute to refining difficulty assessment criteria.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 50 laparoscopic surgeons in India, providing insights into tolerances for surgical duration and blood loss, reasons for conversion, and predictors of complexity.

Awareness of and Challenges in Utilizing the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission for Healthcare Delivery: Qualitative Insights from University Students in Coastal Karnataka in India.

The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) aims to enhance healthcare delivery in India through digital integration. The ABDM, an essential part of India's healthcare system, aspires to transform healthcare delivery through digitization, by emphasizing affordability, accessibility, and transparency. This qualitative study investigated the awareness, challenges, and perceptions of the ABDM among postgraduate students in coastal Karnataka, focusing on their experiences and interactions with digital health technologies.

Real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer re-challenged with platinum-based chemotherapy in Europe.

Objective: Although platinum re-challenge is a treatment option for patients with advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer, real-world outcomes for these patients in Europe are not well-documented. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate real-world treatment patterns and outcomes for platinum re-challenge in patients with advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer.

Methods: Endometrial Cancer Health Outcomes-Europe (ECHO-EU) is a multi-center, retrospective, medical record review conducted in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, evaluating treatment patterns and outcomes.

"Trapdoor" Medial Scapula Osteotomy for Resection of a Benign Subscapular Neoplasm: A Case Report.

Case: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by the development of neoplasms, which infrequently arise in the subscapular fossa. Surgical removal of large subscapular tumors carries the risk of shoulder dysfunction due to muscle or nerve injury. We describe the case of a patient with NF2 who presented with a hybrid subscapular neurofibroma and schwannoma tumor that was completely resected through a muscle-sparing medial scapular osteotomy approach.

The viscosity and processing of molten lunar regolith.

Establishing a permanent, self-sufficient habitat for humans on planetary bodies is critical for successful space exploration. In-situ resource utilisation (ISRU) of locally available resources offers the possibility of an energy-efficient and cost-effective approach. This paper considers the high-temperature processing of molten lunar regolith under conditions which represent the lunar environment, namely low gravity, low temperature, and negligible atmospheric pressure.

Diagnostic performance and clinical outcomes of computed tomography colonography in a sick inpatient population.

Purpose: Though prior studies have proven CTC's efficacy in outpatients, its utility in the inpatient setting has not been studied. We evaluated the efficacy of a modified CTC protocol in the inpatient setting, primarily for patients awaiting organ transplantation.

Methods: This retrospective study compared a group of inpatient CTCs from 2019 to 2021 and a randomly selected, age-matched 2:1 control group of outpatient CTCs.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.

Coats-Like reaction post-vitreoretinal surgery for PDR managed with laser photocoagulation and adjunctive intravitreal steroids- a case report.

Purpose: To report a rare case of a Coats-like response developing after vitreoretinal surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and its successful management with retinal laser photocoagulation and adjunctive intravitreal steroids.

Case Description: A 52-year-old woman with a five-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with decreased vision in the left eye (counting fingers at 1 m). Examination revealed high-risk PDR in both eyes, with a subtotal macula-off combined retinal detachment in the left eye.

Adaptive insights: dynamic assessment for speech sound intervention in a child with cleft lip and palate.

Dynamic assessment (DA) is a new approach to evaluating speech and language disorders, focusing on the learning process over static abilities. It involves a test-teach-retest format and uses the mediated learning experience (MLE) to measure a child's modifiability through intervention efforts. This method is especially relevant for children with cleft lip and palate (CLP).

Effects of and Pranayama on Cardio Respiratory Function in Post-COVID Patients: A Randomised Controlled Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a range of long-term health issues in recovered patients, collectively known as "post-COVID syndrome."

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined pranayama techniques, specifically and , on pulmonary function and heart rate variability in post-COVID patients.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted with 90 post-COVID patients (aged 19-40).

Supervised machine learning statistical models for visual outcome prediction in macular hole surgery: a single-surgeon, standardized surgery study.

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive accuracy of various machine learning (ML) statistical models in forecasting postoperative visual acuity (VA) outcomes following macular hole (MH) surgery using preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters.

Methods: This retrospective study included 158 eyes (151 patients) with full-thickness MHs treated between 2017 and 2023 by the same surgeon and using the same intraoperative surgical technique. Data from electronic medical records and OCT scans were extracted, with OCT-derived qualitative and quantitative MH characteristics recorded.

ONC213: a novel strategy to resensitize resistant AML cells to venetoclax through induction of mitochondrial stress.

Background: Venetoclax + azacitidine is a frontline treatment for older adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and a salvage therapy for relapsed/refractory patients who have been treated with intensive chemotherapy. While this is an important treatment option, many patients fail to achieve complete remission and of those that do, majority relapse. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are believed to be responsible for AML relapse and can be targeted through oxidative phosphorylation reduction.

Multifaceted approach to evacuating multi-level premacular hemorrhage in a case of suspected Valsalva retinopathy - a case report.

Background: Accurate localization of premacular hemorrhages (PMHs) is crucial as treatment strategies vary significantly based on whether the hemorrhage resides within the vitreous gel, subhyaloid space, or beneath the internal limiting membrane (ILM). This report outlines the clinical features, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes in a patient diagnosed with a PMH secondary to suspected Valsalva retinopathy.

Methods: This is a retrospective interventional case report.

Remote guidance: enabling tele-supervised community-based rehabilitation worker intervention to facilitate communication in a child with cleft lip and palate.

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) significantly impact speech and language development in children. In remote areas, access to specialised services is often limited, necessitating innovative approaches for effective service delivery. This case report explores the potential of tele-supervised intervention provided by community-based rehabilitation workers (CBRWs) to enhance communication outcomes for children with CLP.

Predicting macular hole surgery outcomes: Integrating preoperative OCT features with supervised machine learning statistical models.

Purpose: To evaluate various supervised machine learning (ML) statistical models to predict anatomical outcomes after macular hole (MH) surgery using preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) features.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed OCT data from idiopathic MH eyes at baseline and at 1-month post-surgery. The dataset was split 80:20 between training and testing.

Pharmacological adjuvants for diabetic vitrectomy surgery.

Diabetic vitrectomy is a highly intricate surgical procedure performed during the advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). It is used to treat conditions such as tractional or combined retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, and subhyaloid hemorrhage, which are all severe manifestations of proliferative DR. The results of the surgery are uncertain and variable.

Successful Aging Across Middle Versus High-Income Countries: An Analysis of the Role of eHealth Literacy Associated With Loneliness and Well-Being.

Background And Objectives: "Successful aging" concerns the process of growing older while maintaining physical, cognitive, and social well-being, emphasizing independence for overall satisfaction and quality of life. We investigate the impact of eHealth literacy on reducing loneliness and sustaining well-being during the pandemic, comparing middle- and high-income countries.

Research Design And Methods: Online surveys were conducted between April 4, 2020, and September 30, 2021, collecting responses (N = 2,091) from medium- and high-income countries in Europe, Asia, and North America.

Diagnostic Performance of Multiparametric MRI for Detection of Prostate Cancer After Focal Therapy.

Background: Minimally invasive focal therapy of low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer is becoming more common and has demonstrated lower morbidity compared to other treatments. Multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has the potential to be an effective posttreatment evaluation method for residual/recurrent neoplasm.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of mpMRI to detect residual/recurrent neoplasm after focal therapy treatment of prostate cancer using a 3-point Likert scale.

Phacovitrectomy vs. consecutive vitrectomy for idiopathic macular holes: short and long-term outcomes and OCT image quality assessment.

Purpose: To compare short- and long-term anatomical, functional, and refractive outcomes between combined phacovitrectomy (PVS) and consecutive vitrectomy (CVS) for idiopathic macular holes (MHs). Also, to evaluate the role of preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) image quality in guiding surgical selection.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 183 phakic MH eyes operated between 2012 and 23, with patients divided into PVS and CVS groups.

ONC206, an imipridone derivative, demonstrates anti-colorectal cancer activity against stem/progenitor cells in 3D cell cultures and in patient-derived organoids.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most frequently diagnosed and life-threatening malignancies worldwide. CRC's high recurrence rates and drug resistance have been correlated with a subpopulation of dormant slowly dividing cells termed CRC stem cells (CCSCs). Consequently, there is a pressing need to identify novel therapeutics that can effectively and specifically target CCSCs.

Characteristics of submacular hemorrhage with bacillary layer detachment and intrabacillary hemorrhage.

Purpose: To study the outcomes of patients presenting with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) and bacillary layer detachment (BALAD) following intervention.

Methods: This retrospective study examined fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans to identify treatment-naive SMH and BALAD cases. Two groups were formed: SMH cases with and without BALAD.