Excipient-related impurities in liposome drug products.

Liposomes are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as drug delivery systems to increase the efficacy and reduce the off-target toxicity of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The liposomes are more complex drug delivery systems than the traditional dosage forms, and phospholipids and cholesterol are the major structural excipients. These two excipients undergo hydrolysis and/or oxidation during liposome preparation and storage, resulting in lipids hydrolyzed products (LHPs) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in the final liposomal formulations.

Analysis of phospholipids and triacylglycerols in intravenous lipid emulsions.

Intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) are used for parenteral nutrition, providing a vital source of essential fatty acids and concentrated energy for patients who are unable to absorb nutrients via the digestive track. They are commonly used to treat local and non-local anesthetic toxicity, and lipophilic drug overdose. ILE are composed of natural lipids, and the composition of these natural lipids can be varied based on their source.

Ligand Steric Effects of α-Diimine Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes in the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction.

Nickel catalysts represent a low cost and environmentally friendly alternative to palladium-based catalytic systems for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling (SMC) reactions. However, nickel catalysts have suffered from poor air, moisture, and thermal stabilities, especially at high catalyst loading, requiring controlled reaction conditions. In this report, we examine a family of mono- and dinuclear Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes with a diverse and versatile α-diimine ligand environment for SMC reactions.

Pyrrole-Containing Semiconducting Materials: Synthesis and Applications in Organic Photovoltaics and Organic Field-Effect Transistors.

Organic semiconducting materials derived from π-electron-rich pyrroles have garnered attention in recent years for the development of organic semiconductors. Although pyrrole is the most electron-rich five-membered heteroaromatic ring, it has found few applications in organic photovoltaics and organic field-effect transistors due to synthetic challenges and instability. However, computational modeling assisted screening processes have indicated that relatively stable materials containing pyrrolic units can be synthesized without compromising their inherent electron-donating properties.

Thieno[3,2-]pyrrole and Benzo[][1,2,5]thiadiazole Donor-Acceptor Semiconductors for Organic Field-Effect Transistors.

Two p-type donor-acceptor (D-A) semiconducting small molecules were synthesized to investigate the effect of the backbone curvature on the organic field-effect transistor performance. The backbone curvature of the donor-acceptor small molecules was modified by changing the spacer group from bithiophene to thienothiophene. Bithiophene to thienothiophene spacer groups were placed between 4-thieno[3,2-]pyrrole (donor) and benzo[][1,2,5]thiadiazole (acceptor) to generate and donor-acceptor molecules.

Oxidative Degradation of Polypropylene Mesh in Environment.

Medical implants of polypropylene (PP) are commonly used in many surgical procedures to support tissues. Previous studies on polypropylene meshes removed from patients demonstrated biodegradation relative to the amount of time after implantation. Among the many possible factors, bacterial colonization is believed to be one of the causes for the biodegradation of PP.