Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the corneoscleral limbus: report of two cases.

Purpose: To report the clinical and histopathologic findings of limbal juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) in two children.

Methods: Case report.

Results: Two children (a 9-month old boy and a 4-year old girl) presented with an enlarging yellowish mass at the corneoscleral limbus.

Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor reduces scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgery.

Purpose: Filtration failure due to excessive postoperative scarring remains a major problem after glaucoma surgery. The authors have investigated whether glaucoma and filtration surgery are associated with increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and whether a humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF, bevacizumab, can reduce postoperative scar formation and improve surgical outcome.

Methods: The levels of VEGF in samples of aqueous humor were measured by ELISA.

Citrullination of CXCL8 by peptidylarginine deiminase alters receptor usage, prevents proteolysis, and dampens tissue inflammation.

Biological functions of proteins are influenced by posttranslational modifications such as on/off switching by phosphorylation and modulation by glycosylation. Proteolytic processing regulates cytokine and chemokine activities. In this study, we report that natural posttranslational citrullination or deimination alters the biological activities of the neutrophil chemoattractant and angiogenic cytokine CXCL8/interleukin-8 (IL-8).