Report on the AAPM grand challenge on deep generative modeling for learning medical image statistics.

Background: The findings of the 2023 AAPM Grand Challenge on Deep Generative Modeling for Learning Medical Image Statistics are reported in this Special Report.

Purpose: The goal of this challenge was to promote the development of deep generative models for medical imaging and to emphasize the need for their domain-relevant assessments via the analysis of relevant image statistics.

Methods: As part of this Grand Challenge, a common training dataset and an evaluation procedure was developed for benchmarking deep generative models for medical image synthesis.

Report on the AAPM Grand Challenge on deep generative modeling for learning medical image statistics.

Background: The findings of the 2023 AAPM Grand Challenge on Deep Generative Modeling for Learning Medical Image Statistics are reported in this Special Report.

Purpose: The goal of this challenge was to promote the development of deep generative models for medical imaging and to emphasize the need for their domain-relevant assessments via the analysis of relevant image statistics.

Methods: As part of this Grand Challenge, a common training dataset and an evaluation procedure was developed for benchmarking deep generative models for medical image synthesis.

Pediatric evaluations for deep learning CT denoising.

Background: Deep learning (DL) CT denoising models have the potential to improve image quality for lower radiation dose exams. These models are generally trained with large quantities of adult patient image data. However, CT, and increasingly DL denoising methods, are used in both adult and pediatric populations.

Assessing the Ability of Generative Adversarial Networks to Learn Canonical Medical Image Statistics.

In recent years, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have gained tremendous popularity for potential applications in medical imaging, such as medical image synthesis, restoration, reconstruction, translation, as well as objective image quality assessment. Despite the impressive progress in generating high-resolution, perceptually realistic images, it is not clear if modern GANs reliably learn the statistics that are meaningful to a downstream medical imaging application. In this work, the ability of a state-of-the-art GAN to learn the statistics of canonical stochastic image models (SIMs) that are relevant to objective assessment of image quality is investigated.

Late onset Wilson Disease with normal neuro-psychiatric status: A case report.

Introduction: Late onset Wilson disease (WD) is a rare form of WD. WD has variability of clinical presentations from acute liver failure to chronic liver disease (CLD). The hepatic and neurological variants of WD have wider variations.

Nuclear Medicine and Artificial Intelligence: Best Practices for Evaluation (the RELAINCE Guidelines).

An important need exists for strategies to perform rigorous objective clinical-task-based evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for nuclear medicine. To address this need, we propose a 4-class framework to evaluate AI algorithms for promise, technical task-specific efficacy, clinical decision making, and postdeployment efficacy. We provide best practices to evaluate AI algorithms for each of these classes.

Mental Wellbeing during the Lockdown Period following the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected all aspects of society, including mental and physical health. Often missed is the fact that the pandemic is occurring against the backdrop of a very high prevalence of mental health issues. Protecting the mental health of people and healthcare workers is important for long-term positive health outcomes and proper control of the outbreak.

Interpersonal Violence during the COVID-19 Lockdown Period in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: The government issued a country-wide lockdown in Nepal as a measure to curb the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. This has resulted in various difficult experiences which includes financial loss, separation from loved ones, grief, uncertainty over disease status and loss of freedom. During these stressful situations, interpersonal violence is likely to be aggravated.

Fast X-ray Nanotomography with Sub-10 nm Resolution as a Powerful Imaging Tool for Nanotechnology and Energy Storage Applications.

In the last decade, transmission X-ray microscopes (TXMs) have come into operation in most of the synchrotrons worldwide. They have proven to be outstanding tools for non-invasive ex and in situ 3D characterization of materials at the nanoscale across varying range of scientific applications. However, their spatial resolution has not improved in many years, while newly developed functional materials and microdevices with enhanced performances exhibit nanostructures always finer.

3D reconstruction of the magnetic vector potential using model based iterative reconstruction.

Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of magnetic nanoparticles contain information on the magnetic and electrostatic potentials. Vector field electron tomography (VFET) can be used to reconstruct electromagnetic potentials of the nanoparticles from their corresponding LTEM images. The VFET approach is based on the conventional filtered back projection approach to tomographic reconstructions and the availability of an incomplete set of measurements due to experimental limitations means that the reconstructed vector fields exhibit significant artifacts.

Drug addiction and periodontal diseases.

The prevalence of drug addiction is increasing globally. Drug abuse damages many parts of the body such as oral cavity, lungs, liver, brain, heart etc., Addicts suffer from physical, psychological, emotional and behavioral problems.

Modified fixed nanobite tandem appliance for rapid correction of developing Class III malocclusion.

Aim: Rapid correction of developing Class III malocclusion in pediatric patients using a method with decreased reliance on patient compliance and increased patient comfort.

Method: The modified fixed nanobite tandem appliance (MFNTA) consists of three components, two fixed and one removable. The maxillary fixed appliance consists of a nickel-titanium fixed maxillary expander and a soldered buccal arm used for Class III elastic traction.

Computed Tomography Evaluation of Craniomandibular Articulation in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion and Class I Normal Occlusion Subjects in North Indian Population.

Objective. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Craniomandibular articulation morphology and position of condyle in mandibular fossae in Angle's class I normal occlusion and Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion. Materials and Methods.

Biomechanics and orthodontic treatment protocol in maxillofacial distraction osteogenesis.

As in the traditional combined surgical and orthodontic procedures, an Orthodontist can plays vital role in treatment planning and the orthodontic treatment of patient undergoing distraction osteogenesis. This role includes predistraction assessment of the craniofacial skeleton and occlusal function, pre-distraction, and post-distraction orthodontic care. Based on clinical evaluation, dental study models, photographic analysis, cephalometric evaluation, and three-dimensional computed tomographic analysis, the Orthodontist, in collaboration with the Surgeon, plans distraction device placement and the predicted vectors of distraction.

Periodontal ligament distraction: A simplified approach for rapid canine retraction.

Distraction osteogenesis is a method of inducing new bone formation by applying mechanical strains on preexisting bone. The process of osteogenesis in the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement is similar to the osteogenesis in the midpalatal suture during rapid palatal expansion. A new concept of "distracting the periodontal ligament" is proposed to elicit rapid canine retraction in two weeks.

A cephalometric evaluation of tongue from the rest position to centric occlusion in the subjects with class II division 1 malocclusion and class I normal occlusion.

Background: One of the common types of oro-dental morphopathologic relationship is the Class II Division 1 malocclusion. Therefore, the study of tongue position in Class II Division 1 may reveal a role of the tongue in the etiology or diagnosis of malocclusion.

Aims: Present study was done with the aim to evaluate the tongue position radiographically in centric occlusion and rest position in the subjects with Angle's Class 1 normal occlusion and subjects with Angle's Class II Division 1 malocclusion and to find out any differences in tongue position between Angle's Class 1 normal occlusion and Angle's Class II Division 1 malocclusion group.

Natural head position: key position for radiographic and photographic analysis and research of craniofacial complex.

The Frankfort horizontal is a useful compromise for studying skulls but not for orienting the natural head position (NHP) in the living because it is normally distributed around a true extracranial horizontal. Nonetheless, orthodontists dealing with living subjects, rather than inert crania, have used this Frankfort horizontal faithfully in cephalometry. Because the cant or inclination of all intracranial reference lines is subjected to biologic variation, they are unsuitable for meaningful cephalometric analysis.

A critical review of the implication of nanotechnology in modern dental practice.

Curiosity has its own reason for existing. For thousands of years, mankind has been harnessing its curiosity into inquiry and the process of scientific methodology. If we consider technology as an engine, then science is its fuel.