Prostate cancer theragnostics biomarkers: An update.

Biomarkers are molecules such as proteins, genes, or other substances that may be tested to determine the stage of the tumor in a patient. The role of prostate cancer biomarkers is pivotal and the combination of prostate cancer immunotherapy with efficient biomarkers has emerged as a beneficial treatment strategy and its use has increased rapidly. The two primary objectives of this current prostate cancer early detection programs were recognizing non-symptomatic individuals with prostate cancer requiring prostatic core biopsy and identifying men with prostate cancer who might benefit from definitive medical treatment.

Facile synthesis of elastin nanogels encapsulated decursin for castrated resistance prostate cancer therapy.

Nanogels offer hope for precise drug delivery, while addressing drug delivery hurdles is vital for effective prostate cancer (PCa) management. We developed an injectable elastin nanogels (ENG) for efficient drug delivery system to overcome castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by delivering Decursin, a small molecule inhibitor that blocks Wnt/βcatenin pathways for PCa. The ENG exhibited favourable characteristics such as biocompatibility, flexibility, and low toxicity.

Developing and centralising a nurse-led local anaesthetic transperineal biopsy service during COVID.

Introduction: Transperineal (TP) biopsy has recently replaced the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) approach as the ideal method of biopsy in the United Kingdom with growing trends to adopt. To minimise transmission of COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic, the British Association of Urological Surgeons Section of Oncology issued guidelines reducing general anaesthesia (GA) procedures and initiate COVID-secure 'green' site diagnostics. As a result of these guidelines and reduction in clinical diagnostics trust-wide, we ceased all TRUS diagnostics and implemented a centralised, nurse-led LA TP biopsy service.

Protocol for a prospective study evaluating circulating tumour cells status to predict radical prostatectomy treatment failure in localised prostate cancer patients (C-ProMeta-1).

Background: Treatment decisions in prostate cancer (PCa) rely on disease stratification between localised and metastatic stages, but current imaging staging technologies are not sensitive to micro-metastatic disease. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) status is a promising tool in this regard. The Parsortix® CTC isolation system employs an epitope-independent approach based on cell size and deformability to increase the capture rate of CTCs.

Treatment de-escalation for stage II seminoma.

International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group good-risk metastatic seminoma has cure rates of >95%. Within this risk group, patients with stage II disease exhibit the best oncological outcomes with the standard-of-care treatment strategies of radiotherapy or combination chemotherapy. However, these treatments can be associated with substantial early and late toxic effects.

FOXA1 regulates alternative splicing in prostate cancer.

Dysregulation of alternative splicing in prostate cancer is linked to transcriptional programs activated by AR, ERG, FOXA1, and MYC. Here, we show that FOXA1 functions as the primary orchestrator of alternative splicing dysregulation across 500 primary and metastatic prostate cancer transcriptomes. We demonstrate that FOXA1 binds to the regulatory regions of splicing-related genes, including HNRNPK and SRSF1.

Management of stage II seminoma: a contemporary UK perspective.

Background And Aims: Testicular Germ Cell Tumours (TGCTs) are the commonest young adult male cancer, with excellent survival outcomes even with metastatic disease. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are international guideline-dictated standard of care (SOC) treatments for International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) "good risk" TGCT, but are associated with significant toxicities. Therapy de-escalation aims to reduce treatment morbidity whilst preserving cure rates, and has been adopted by some centres for stage IIA/B seminoma.

Safety of androgen therapy in men with prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in men worldwide and the life expectancy for men with prostate cancer is improving due to advancements in diagnostics and treatment. Male hypogonadism is associated with obesity, diabetes, and other comorbidities and also has been linked with increasing age; the primary therapy modality for this condition is testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). There are concerns that testosterone therapy may cause prostate cancer disease progression.

Retzius-sparing technique independently predicts early recovery of urinary continence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is the conventional surgical treatment option for localised prostate cancer. We investigated factors which may be associated with recovery of early urinary continence (EUC), including the use of the Retzius-sparing technique (RS-RARP). From March 2018 to December 2018, 501 consecutive patients underwent RARP at our high-volume institution.

Feasibility and safety of radical prostatectomy for oligo-metastatic prostate cancer: the Testing Radical prostatectomy in men with prostate cancer and oligo-Metastases to the bone (TRoMbone) trial.

Objectives: To test the feasibility of randomisation to radical prostatectomy (RP) plus pelvic lymphadenectomy in addition to standard-of-care (SOC) systemic therapy in men with newly diagnosed oligo-metastatic prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: A prospective, randomised, non-blinded, feasibility clinical trial with an embedded QuinteT Recruitment Intervention (QRI) to optimise recruitment was conducted in nine nationwide tertiary care centres undertaking high-volume robotic surgery. We aimed to randomise 50 men with synchronous oligo-metastatic prostate cancer within an 18-month recruitment period to SOC systemic therapy vs SOC plus RP (intervention arm).

Salvage Versus Primary Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Propensity-matched Comparative Effectiveness Study from a High-volume Tertiary Centre.

Background: Salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (sRARP) is a potential treatment option for locally recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) after nonsurgical primary treatment. There are minimal data comparing outcomes between propensity-matched sRARP and primary robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Objective: The primary objective is to compare perioperative, oncological, and functional outcomes of sRARP with primary RARP, and the secondary is to compare outcomes between sRARP after whole and focal gland therapy.

Increased Pathway Complexity Is a Prognostic Biomarker in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by common and rare driver gene alterations that provide a selective growth advantage for progressing tumour cells. We hypothesized that the number of distinct gene driver alteration-affected pathways or gene classes was associated with poor prognosis in patients initiating androgen receptor signalling inhibitors (ARSi). We performed a post hoc analysis of an amalgamated baseline circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) mutational landscape dataset of ARSi-treated men with mCRPC ( = 342).

Peri-operative, functional and early oncologic outcomes of salvage robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy after high-intensity focused ultrasound partial ablation.

Background: Partial ablation of the prostate using high-intensity focussed ultrasound (HIFU-PA) is a treatment option for localised prostate cancer. When local recurrence occurs, salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy is a treatment option for selected patients, but there is a paucity of data on the peri-operative safety, functional and oncologic outcomes of sRARP..

Identification of altered biological processes in heterogeneous RNA-sequencing data by discretization of expression profiles.

Heterogeneity is a fundamental feature of complex phenotypes. So far, genomic screenings have profiled thousands of samples providing insights into the transcriptome of the cell. However, disentangling the heterogeneity of these transcriptomic Big Data to identify defective biological processes remains challenging.

Retzius sparing robotic assisted radical prostatectomy vs. conventional robotic assisted radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Retzius sparing robotic assisted radical prostatectomy appears to have better continence rates when compared to conventional robotic assisted radical prostatectomy, however, concern with high positive surgical margin rates exist.

Objective: To systematically evaluate evidence comparing functional and oncological outcomes of retzius sparing robotic assisted radical prostatectomy and conventional robotic assisted radical prostatectomy.

Evidence Acquisition: The systematic review was performed in accordance with the Cochrane guidelines and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA).

Androgen Receptor Burden and Poor Response to Abiraterone or Enzalutamide in TP53 Wild-Type Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

This post hoc analysis of a multi-institution cohort study assesses the association between androgen receptor perturbation and poorer outcome in patients with wild-type metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who are receiving abiraterone or enzalutamide.

PEOPLE: PatiEnt prOstate samPLes for rEsearch, a tissue collection pathway utilizing magnetic resonance imaging data to target tumor and benign tissue in fresh radical prostatectomy specimens.

Background: Over 1 million men are diagnosed with prostate cancer each year worldwide, with a wide range of research programs requiring access to patient tissue samples for development of improved diagnoses and treatments. A random sampling of prostate tissue is sufficient for certain research studies; however, there is growing research need to target areas of the aggressive tumor as fresh tissue. Here we set out to develop a new pathway "PEOPLE: PatiEnt prOstate samPLes for rEsearch" to collect high-quality fresh tissue for research use, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to target areas of tumor and benign tissue.