A corollary study to substantiate the therapeutic role of receptor from in mitigating the sperm immobilization factor-mediated negative influences on mouse spermatozoa: a molecular mimicry-based approach.

Context Sperm immobilization factor (SIF) isolated from Staphylococcus aureus has been implicated earlier in the laboratory in infertility due to its negative impact on sperm function. Moreover, SIF was found to bind not only to human and mouse spermatozoa but also to several bacteria. Among the array of bacteria, we selected Shigella flexneri to investigate if it shares antigenic determinants with spermatozoa.

The evolving facets of vaginal microbiota transplantation: reinvigorating the unexplored frontier amid complex challenges.

In an age of cutting-edge sequencing methods and worldwide endeavors such as The Human Microbiome Project and MetaHIT, the human microbiome stands as a complex and diverse community of microorganisms. A central theme in current scientific inquiry revolves around reinstating a balanced microbial composition, referred to as "eubiosis," as a targeted approach for treating vast array of diseases. Vaginal Microbiota Transplantation (VMT), inspired by the success of fecal microbiota transplantation, emerges as an innovative therapy addressing vaginal dysbacteriosis by transferring the complete microbiota from a healthy donor.

Deciphering the potential of proteomic-based biomarkers in women's reproductive diseases: empowering precision medicine in gynecology.

Context: Gynecological disorders represent a complex set of malignancies that result from a diverse array of molecular changes affecting the lives of over a million women worldwide. Ovarian, Endometrial, and Cervical cancers, Endometriosis, PCOS are the most prevalent ones that pose a grave threat to women's health. Proteomics has emerged as an invaluable tool for developing novel biomarkers, screening methods, and targeted therapeutic agents for gynecological disorders.

An experimental study to decipher the implications of antigenic sharing between Proteus mirabilis and mouse spermatozoa in eliciting an antisperm immune response: A potential culprit in immune infertility.

The present study aims to investigate the antigenic cross reactivity between the receptor from Proteus mirabilis and spermatozoa against a common sperm immobilization factor, SIF, by calorimetric and competitive inhibition studies, and the immunogenicity of this receptor to evoke the formation of antisperm antibodies and their subsequent role in fertility outcome. The sperm binding receptor from Proteus mirabilis (PM-SBR) was extracted from ultrasonicated cell debris by treating it for 12 h at 37°C with 1 M NaCl. After being purified by gel permeation chromatography, its molecular weight as determined by SDS-PAGE was observed to be ≈ 47 kDa.

Claudin-4 immunocytochemistry is specific and sensitive for the diagnosis of malignant carcinomatous effusions: Results from a pilot study.

Background: Claudin-4, a tight junction associated protein expressed in epithelial cells, is purported as a highly specific and sensitive marker for epithelial malignancies. Our aim was to assess the sensitivity, specificity and real-time utility of claudin-4 immunocytochemistry (ICC) in the diagnostic work-up of suspected malignant effusions.

Methods: Claudin-4 (3E2C1 clone) ICC was performed prospectively in effusion cell blocks where other ICC markers were being performed as part of reporting over 3 months.

The Latest Developments in Using Proteomic Biomarkers from Urine and Serum for Non-Invasive Disease Diagnosis and Prognosis.

Due to diagnostic improvements, medical diagnostics is demanding non-invasive or minimally invasive methods. Non-invasively obtained body fluids (eg., Urine, serum) can replace cerebral fluid, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and others for diagnostic reasons.

Role of color Doppler assessment in predicting outcomes of wrist Brescia-Cimino arteriovenous fistula creation: A single-center prospective study.

Introduction: The most common reason for constructing an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is chronic kidney disease. Various factors are associated with nonmaturation or failure of AVF, which can be evaluated using color Doppler/duplex ultrasound (DUS). We carried out this study to evaluate the role of pre- and postoperative DUS for the prediction of outcomes of wrist radiocephalic (RC) AVF.

Injury to Biliary Tract During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Minimally Invasive Management of a Dreadful Complication.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is an effective minimally invasive surgical modality for the management of renal calculi. It is generally considered safe with commonly encountered complications being urinary extravasation, fever, and bleeding. Injury to the biliary tract or puncture of the gallbladder is an extremely rare but a grave complication of PCNL.

Sperm impairing microbial factor: potential candidate for male contraception.

Background: Despite significant advances in contraceptive options for women, vasectomy and condoms are the only options available for male contraception. Due to this limitation, the burden of contraception resides on the shoulders of females only. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a safe, effective and reversible method of contraception for men.

Evaluation of Sperm Impairing Factor from as Male Contraceptive in Mouse Model.

The present study was carried out to assess the contraceptive efficacy of sperm agglutinating factor (SAF) isolated from , in male Balb/c mice. Mice were administered via an intratesticular route with different concentrations of SAF, , 10, 50, 100, 200, or 400 g, in the right testis only which served as a test while the left side served as control except otherwise stated. Mice were sacrificed on day 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45, 60, and 90 after administration, and results in terms of change in body weight, seminal parameters, tissue somatic indices (TSI), hematological parameters, serum level of testosterone, lipid peroxidation, and histology were studied.

Contraceptive efficacy of sperm agglutinating factor from Staphylococcus warneri, isolated from the cervix of a woman with inexplicable infertility.

Background: Voluntary control of fertility is of paramount importance to the modern society. But since the contraceptive methods available for women have their limitations such as urinary tract infections, allergies, cervical erosion and discomfort, a desperate need exists to develop safe methods. Vaginal contraceptives may be the answer to this problem, as these are the oldest ways of fertility regulation, practiced over the centuries.

Colonization of mouse vagina with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A plausible explanation for infertility.

Little attention has been paid to the influence of asymptomatic colonizers of genital tract on female infertility. Albeit, a variety of uropathogens have been known to negatively alter sperm parameters in vitro, but their impact on female fertility outcome under in vivo conditions is not clearly established. Therefore, the present study was intended to investigate the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on sperm parameters and to identify its role in female infertility.

Contraceptive Sperm Agglutinating Proteins Identified in , Natural Microflora of an Infertile Woman.

, isolated from the cervix of an adult female with unexplained infertility, was found to agglutinate human spermatozoa in vitro leading to their death. A genomic library of was generated using pSMART- vector-host system. Approximately 3500 transformants were screened and four showed sperm agglutinating activity.

Receptor from Streptococcus pyogenes as a potential antidote against sperm immobilization factor-induced sperm impairment and infertility.

The present study was undertaken to demonstrate the existence of mimicry between spermatozoa and bacteria. For this, the shared antigenic determinants between mouse spermatozoa and Streptococcus pyogenes against a common ligand, sperm immobilization factor (SIF), were isolated. The mimicry was established on the basis of their ability to ameliorate the SIF-mediated compromised sperm parameters in vitro viz.

Amelioration of sperm immobilisation factor-induced infertility by bacterial antigenic determinants cross-reacting with spermatozoa.

A strain of Staphylococcus aureus, capable of invitro immobilisation of human and mouse spermatozoa, was already present in our laboratory. Therefore, in the present study, the factor responsible (sperm immobilisation factor, SIF) was isolated and purified. It was found to compromise not only motility, but also viability, morphology and Mg2+-ATPase activity of mouse spermatozoa.

Escherichia coli recombinant sperm immobilizing factor RecX as a potential vaginal contraceptive.

Background: To control the overpopulation and unintended pregnancies, vaginal contraceptives have gained recent surge of interest because of its topical application with possible avoidance of systemic effects. However non-specific cytotoxicity associated with detergent-based synthetic vaginal contraceptive agents limits their use and generates considerable interest in the development of vaginal contraceptives of biological origin for controlling reproduction and ultimately growing population. In this study, we have cloned, over-expressed an Escherichia coli gene encoding a sperm immobilizing factor (SIF) that inhibits sperm motility for the development of vaginal contraceptive from a biological source i.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A risk factor for fertility in male mice.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of P. aeruginosa on reproductive potential of male mice via a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro studies involved sperm parameters, MgATPase activity and acrosome status.

Molecular mimicry: An explanation for autoimmune diseases and infertility.

Microorganisms execute an enthralling range of adjustments to survive in the host. Among the various strategies employed by microorganisms to surmount the host immune response, the phenomenon of molecular mimicry empowers the microorganisms to manoeuvre host physiology and cellular functions for their own advantage by mimicking the host proteins and initiating autoimmunity. This phenomena, by and large, has been studied in context of autoimmune diseases; however, its implications have also been reported in infertility.

Repair of recto-urethral fistula with urethral augmentation by buccal mucosal graft and gracilis muscle flap interposition - our experience.

Introduction: Recto-urethral fistula (RUF) is a relatively rare surgical condition, the treatment of which is quite challenging. There are many causes of RUF, but 60% of them are iatrogenic following open prostatectomies, radiotherapy, brachytherapy, urethral instrumentation etc. We present a series of six cases treated at our institution.

Intravaginal Delivery Approaches for Contraception: An Overview with Emphasis on Gels.

The rising population with grave ramifications for the future is a fundamental issue, demanding for newer and better contraceptive modalities. Also, in order to achieve the contraceptive purpose, the choice of the most suitable delivery system is of unquestionable importance. Out of all dosage forms, vaginal gel formulations present indubitable benefits for contraceptive administration.

Synergism in dual functionality of cryptdin-2 in conjunction with antibiotics against .

Background & Objectives: The emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella over the last two decades poses a major health risk. In this context, antimicrobial peptides have found a strategic place in the therapeutic armamentarium. Previously, we found that cryptdin-2 has the potential to augment the activity of conventional second- and third-generation anti-Salmonella antibiotics as evident by in vitro assays.

Is there a role for Serratia marcescens in male infertility: An experimental study?

Objective: Establishment of a male BALB/c mouse model to study the role of sperm impairing S. marcescens on mouse reproductive potential. The current study can add to use of reliable animal models to provide a noteworthy evidence for the microbial cause of infertility.

Single stage: dorsolateral onlay buccal mucosal urethroplasty for long anterior urethral strictures using perineal route.

Objective: To assess the outcome of single stage dorsolateral onlay buccal mucosal urethroplasty for long anterior urethral strictures (>4cm long) using a perineal incision.

Materials And Methods: From August 2010 to August 2013, 20 patients underwent BMG urethroplasty. The cause of stricture was Lichen sclerosis in 12 cases (60%), Instrumentation in 5 cases (25%), and unknown in 3 cases (15%).

Positive effect of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum in reversing LPS-induced infertility in a mouse model.

Bacterial infections have high incidence among the female population at reproductive age and are widely known to cause infertility due to inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the inflammatory agent LPS on fertility outcome and to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum in ameliorating the LPS-mediated inflammation-induced infertility. Female BALB/c mice infused intravaginally with a single dose of 20 μl sterile normal saline containing 5, 10 or 20 μg LPS were divided into two groups for evaluation of tissue histology and pregnancy outcome.

Evaluation of antifertility effect of gel formulation containing sperm immobilizing factor: In vitro and in vivo studies.

Sexually active women often seek protection against unplanned pregnancies. Latter can be effectively controlled by consistent use of spermicides during each coital act. However, side effects associated with the use of available synthetic spermicidal agents have directed the interest towards identifying newer and safer agents.