Vaccine effectiveness and impact of meningococcal vaccines against gonococcal infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To systematically review and synthesis the evidence of vaccine effectiveness (VE) and impact (VI) of meningococcal vaccines in preventing gonorrhoea.

Methods: We systematically evaluated studies. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Google Scholar, clinical trial registries, and major health and immunisation conferences.

Comprehensive observational study evaluating the enduring effectiveness of 4CMenB, the meningococcal B vaccine against gonococcal infections in the Northern Territory and South Australia, Australia: study protocol.

Introduction: The effectiveness of antibiotics for treating gonococcal infections is compromised due to escalating antibiotic resistance; and the development of an effective gonococcal vaccine has been challenging. Emerging evidence suggests that the licensed meningococcal B (MenB) vaccine, 4CMenB is effective against gonococcal infections due to cross-reacting antibodies and 95% genetic homology between the two bacteria, and that cause the diseases. This project aims to undertake epidemiological and genomic surveillance to evaluate the long-term protection of the 4CMenB vaccine against gonococcal infections in the Northern Territory (NT) and South Australia (SA), and to determine the potential benefit of a booster vaccine doses to provide longer-term protection against gonococcal infections.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnosis and surgical management of carcinoid heart disease.

Introduction: Carcinoid heart disease (CHD), a complication of carcinoid syndrome (CS), is a rare condition that can lead to right sided valvular heart disease and has been traditionally associated with a poor prognosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the accuracy of biomarkers and echocardiography in diagnosing CHD amongst patients who are already known to have neuroendocrine tumours and to assess whether surgical management of CHD leads to a reduction in mortality.

Methods: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.

Influence of Socioeconomic Status on the Association Between Pregnancy Complications and Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Linking Three Cohorts.

Background: We hypothesized that there is an influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on association between pregnancy complications and premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) risk.

Materials And Methods: This project involved a data linkage approach merging three databases of South Australian cohorts using retrospective, age-matched case-control study design. Cases ( = 721), that is, women aged <60 years from Coronary Angiogram Database of South Australia (CADOSA) were linked to South Australian Perinatal Statistics Collection (SAPSC) to ascertain prior pregnancy outcomes and SES.

Nudging towards COVID-19 and influenza vaccination uptake in medically at-risk children: EPIC study protocol of randomised controlled trials in Australian paediatric outpatient clinics.

Introduction: Children with chronic medical diseases are at an unacceptable risk of hospitalisation and death from influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Over the past two decades, behavioural scientists have learnt how to design non-coercive 'nudge' interventions to encourage positive health behaviours. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of multicomponent nudge interventions on the uptake of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines in medically at-risk children.

Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Premature Coronary Heart Disease (PCHD): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aim: We aimed to compare the prevalence of modifiable and non-modifiable coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors among those with premature CHD and healthy individuals.

Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched (review protocol is registered in PROSPERO CRD42020173216). The quality of studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute tool for cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies.

Anxiety and Depression in Early Gestation and the Association with Subsequent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Disadvantaged Population.

Objectives: Evaluate the association between poor mental health and risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a cohort of women from a socioeconomically disadvantaged community.

Methods: A total of 1363 nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies recruited to the Screening Tests to Predict Poor Outcomes of Pregnancy study in Adelaide, Australia. Women were assessed for mental health in the first trimester, including likelihood of depression, high functioning anxiety, perceived stress and risk of developing a mental health disorder.

Pregnancy Complications Are Associated with Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Linking Three Cohorts.

There is increasing evidence that women who experience placenta-mediated pregnancy complications and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at higher risk for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) later in life. We hypothesized that there is an association between placenta-mediated pregnancy complications, GDM, and risk of premature CAD (PCAD). This research project involved a data linkage approach merging three databases of South Australian cohorts by using a retrospective, age-matched case-control study design.

Risk Factors for Early-Onset Versus Late-Onset Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aim: We aimed to systematically compare literature on prevalence of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for early compared to late-onset coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched (review protocol registered in PROSPERO CRD42020173216). Study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute tool for observational and case-control studies.

The association of breast feeding for at least six months with hemodynamic and metabolic health of women and their children aged three years: an observational cohort study.

Background: Breastfeeding is important for both mother and child in reducing risk of future cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it may be an effective method to improve cardio-metabolic health, particularly those who are exposed to pregnancy complications which increase later CVD risk for both mother and child. The aim of this study is to assess differences in cardiometabolic health at three years postpartum in mothers who breastfed for at least six months and their children compared to those who did not.

Randomised controlled trials of behavioural nudges delivered through text messages to increase influenza and COVID-19 vaccines among pregnant women (the EPIC study): study protocol.

Background: Influenza and COVID-19 infections during pregnancy may have serious adverse consequences for women as well as their infants. However, uptake of influenza and COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy remains suboptimal. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a multi-component nudge intervention to improve influenza and COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women.

4CMenB sustained vaccine effectiveness against invasive meningococcal B disease and gonorrhoea at three years post programme implementation.

Objectives: To evaluate persistence of vaccine effectiveness (VE) and vaccine impact (VI) on invasive meningococcal B (MenB) disease and gonorrhoea at three years after implementation of a state funded 4CMenB programme for infants, children, adolescents and young people in South Australia.

Methods: VI was assessed using a Poisson or negative binomial regression model, and VE was estimated using screening and case-control methods. Chlamydia controls were used to estimate VE in the primary analysis to control potential confounding effects such as high-risk sexual behaviour associated with sexually transmitted infections.

Risk Factors for Premature Coronary Heart Disease in Women Compared to Men: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

We aimed to systematically examine literature on the prevalence of known modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for premature coronary heart disease (PCHD) in women compared with men. PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched. Review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020173216).

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Real-World Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against Infection, Symptomatic and Severe COVID-19 Disease Caused by the Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529).

Real-world data on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron variant (B.1.1.

Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Age: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections have raised concerns for public health policies to manage epidemics. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the age-specific proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected persons globally by year of age.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, medRxiv and Google Scholar on September 10, 2020, and March 1, 2021.

Early pregnancy cardio metabolic risk factors and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome 10 years after the first pregnancy.

Background: We aimed to compare risk factors for CVD 10 years postpartum among women who had ≥ 1 compared to no cardio metabolic risk factor in early first pregnancy.

Methods: Women of the SCOPE (Screening fOr Pregnancy Endpoints) study from Adelaide, South Australia were invited to participate in a cardiovascular risk assessment 10 years after the delivery of the first child. Data from 141 women who completed all the assessments are included in the analyses.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Emerging evidence demonstrates that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels are elevated in patients with or at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk of future CVD, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare ADMA concentrations between women with and without GDM during pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases were searched.

Pregnancy complications and cardiovascular disease risk perception: A qualitative study.

Objectives: We aimed to assess women's perceptions on the long-term risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) after major pregnancy complications.

Methods: Women who experienced major pregnancy complications and those who experienced uncomplicated pregnancies were invited to participate in a qualitative study. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and self-administered questionnaires were used to explore: The knowledge of long-term sequelae after experiencing a major pregnancy complication; Importance of education on heart health; The practicality of referral to a clinic after pregnancy complications; Willingness for regular postpartum clinic visits after pregnancy complications.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and cardio-metabolic risk factors in women and children at 3 years postpartum.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is thought to be associated with cardio-metabolic risk factor development in women and their children during the early postpartum period and early childhood. We hypothesized that these women and their children would exhibit increased abnormal cardio-metabolic risk factors three years after pregnancy.

Methods: Women from the Screening Tests to Predict Poor Outcomes of Pregnancy study were invited to attend a follow-up with the child from their index pregnancy at 3 years postpartum.

Effectiveness and impact of the 4CMenB vaccine against invasive serogroup B meningococcal disease and gonorrhoea in an infant, child, and adolescent programme: an observational cohort and case-control study.

Background: A programme of vaccination with the four-component serogroup B meningococcal (4CMenB) vaccine was introduced in South Australia for infants and children aged 0-3 years on Oct 1, 2018, and for senior school students in school years 10 and 11 (aged 15-16 years) and young adults aged 17-20 years on Feb 1, 2019. We aimed to evaluate vaccine effectiveness and impact on serogroup B meningococcal disease and gonorrhoea 2 years after implementation of the programme.

Methods: We did a cohort and case-control study among those targeted by the South Australia 4CMenB vaccination programme.

Maternal metabolic factors and the association with gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is associated with several adverse outcomes for the mother and child. Higher levels of individual lipids are associated with risk of GDM and metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of risk factors also increases risk for GDM. Metabolic factors can be modified by diet and lifestyle.

Author response to: Cardiovascular risk factors in offspring exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero: systematic review and meta-analysis.

This commentary is an author response to Yu and colleagues regarding the manuscript entitled ' We address their concern regarding minor errors in our manuscript, our search strategy and assessment of heterogeneity.

An Observational Study to Assess the Effectiveness of 4CMenB against Meningococcal Disease and Carriage and Gonorrhea in Adolescents in the Northern Territory, Australia-Study Protocol.

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide with serogroup B being the predominant serogroup in Australia and other countries for the past few decades. The licensed 4CMenB vaccine is effective in preventing meningococcal B disease. Emerging evidence suggests that although 4CMenB impact on carriage is limited, it may be effective against gonorrhoea due to genetic similarities between .

South Australian prospective cohort study evaluating outcomes of maternal kidney and cardiac disease in pregnancy: a protocol.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiac disease are two significant health conditions that can impact a women's pregnancy; however, little is known about their prevalence and health impact within the population. These pregnancies are associated with significant risks of morbidity and mortality and propose a challenge to clinicians. The aim of this longitudinal cohort study is to prospectively record the incidence, prevalence, aetiology, outcomes and follow-up of maternal CKD and cardiac disease in the obstetric population of South Australia.