Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Hospitalized Patients.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection has recently attracted widespread attention due to its limited treatment options and significant morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to examine the relationship between risk factors and antimicrobial resistance in individuals with and without diabetes for the development of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae infections.

Clinical and Molecular Profile of Carbapenem Resistant Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital -Mangalore.

Purpose: Carbapenemase producing infection has increased in recent years, leading to limitations in treatment options. The present study was undertaken to detect the Carbapenemase-producing genes in , the risk factors for acquiring them, and their impact on clinical outcomes.

Patients And Methods: This prospective study included 786 clinically significant .

Evaluation of Madras Diabetes Research Foundation-Indian Diabetes Risk Score in detecting undiagnosed diabetes in the Indian population: Results from the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes population-based study (INDIAB-15).

Background & Objectives: Screening of individuals for early detection and identification of undiagnosed diabetes can help in reducing the burden of diabetic complications. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF)-Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) to screen for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in a large representative population in India.

Methods: Data were acquired from the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study, a large national survey that included both urban and rural populations from 30 states/union territories in India.

Parkinsonism: An emerging post COVID sequelae.

Parkinsonism has a complex and multifactorial aetiology and the role of post viral infection parkinsonism has been documented. The recent pandemic has made it clear that COVID-19 causes respiratory disease and affects multiple organs, which includes the central nervous system. Here we report three cases of post COVID parkinsonism occurring in older adults, age 60 years and above, and their response to levodopa-carbidopa.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis due to in a non-diabetic older patient.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare condition characterised by destructive granulomatous inflammation of renal parenchyma. Primary renal osis has been reported in patients with immunocompromised states such as diabetes, retroviral disease, organ transplant recipients, etc. We present a unique case of an older adult in his early 60s, presenting with fever and left flank pain with renal angle tenderness, diagnosed with primary renal aspergillosis with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

Depression among older adults: a systematic review of South Asian countries.

The world's population has been evolving rapidly; every country in the world is facing this drastic progression in the number and the percentage of the elderly in their net population. As the chronological age advances, physiological and psychosocial decline will be evident among all older adults. The potentially relevant literature was identified using appropriate search terms in electronic databases such as PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, CINAHL, IndMed, and Google Scholar.

Effect of licorice on patients with HSD11B1 gene polymorphisms- a pilot study.

The positive association of HSD11B1 gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetic conditions has been revealed. In the current study, we assessed the effectiveness of licorice on the clinical profile of the patients with HSD11B1 gene polymorphism. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) is a competitive inhibitor of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme and has been traditionally reported as an anti-ulcer, anti-pyretic, anti-thirst, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent.

CpG-SNP site methylation regulates allele-specific expression of MTHFD1 gene in type 2 diabetes.

The interaction of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms is one of the underlying causes of phenotypic variability in complex diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). To explore the influence of genetic and epigenetic changes in T2D, we examined the effect of methylation of CpG-SNP sites on allele-specific expression (ASE) in one-carbon metabolism pathway genes in T2D. Case-control study was conducted on 860 individuals (430 T2D and 430 controls).

Effects of Yoga Versus Sham Yoga on Oxidative Stress, Glycemic Status, and Anthropometry in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Blinded Randomized Pilot Study.

Studies have shown a beneficial role of yoga in tre a t i n g type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study proceeds in the field by providing an active control. We aimed to evaluate the effect of 3 months of yoga on oxidative stress, glycemic status, and anthropometry in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A Prospective Study of the Clinical and Demographic Profile of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Receiving Antidiabetic Drug Combinations.

Background: The specific treatment recommendations for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) differ based on a particular guideline. The goal of pharmacotherapy is to achieve the target HbA1c and fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels to avoid disease complications.

Objective: To evaluate the profile of T2DM patients on different antidiabetic treatment regimens and the factors leading to dose escalation in these patients.

Comprehensive Review on Diabetes Associated Cardiovascular Complications - The Vitamin D Perspective.

Vitamin D, a steroid hormone is primarily known for its role in calcium and bone mineral homeostasis. Over the years, vitamin D has been implicated in various non-skeletal diseases. The extraskeletal phenomenon can be attributed to the presence of vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in almost all cells and identification of 1-α hydroxylase in extrarenal tissues.

Implication of critical pharmacokinetic gene variants on therapeutic response to metformin in Type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic drug is the first line of treatment for Type 2 diabetes individuals. We studied the effect of critical gene single nucleotide polymorphisms  on the glucose lowering effect of metformin.

Method: We performed a prospective study on 221 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive Type 2 diabetes subjects.

Is diabetes mellitus an important risk factor for the antibiotic resistance in extraintestinal pathogenic

Escherichia coli is a major cause of extraintestinal infections in all age group. However, the infection becomes more severe when patients have some underlying condition such as Diabetes Mellitus. The aim of the study was to determine whether diabetic mellitus may act as an important risk factor for the E.

Clinical and microbiological profile of diabetic foot ulcer patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical and microbiological profile of diabetic foot ulcer patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology: This study recruited 120 diabetic foot ulcer patients of all grade. Their medical records were evaluated retrospectively.

Association of HSD11B1 gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in South Indian population.

Background: 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1) is an NADP or NADPH-dependent enzyme that generates cortisol from cortisone for a local glucocorticoid action. Functional polymorphisms within 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1 (HSD11B1) gene have shown an association with various factors, including insulin resistance (IR) and hypertension. In our study, we have assessed the association of HSD11B1 (rs12086634 and rs846910) gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (metS).

Molecular characterisation of uropathogenic isolates at a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) express a multitude of virulence factors (VFs) to break the inertia of the mucosal barrier of the urinary tract. The aim of the present study was undertaken to characterised the UPEC strains and to correlate carriage of specific virulence markers with different phylogroups and also to correlate these findings with clinical outcome of patients. A total of 156 non-repeated, clinically significant UPEC isolates were studied.

Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in 15 states of India: results from the ICMR-INDIAB population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Previous studies have not adequately captured the heterogeneous nature of the diabetes epidemic in India. The aim of the ongoing national Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes study is to estimate the national prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in India by estimating the prevalence by state.

Methods: We used a stratified multistage design to obtain a community-based sample of 57 117 individuals aged 20 years or older.

Development and validation of health related quality of life questionnaire (Indian scenario) in diabetic foot ulcer patients.

Aim: To develop and validate Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients (HRQLQDFU) for Indian scenario.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted in two phases. First phase was Development of HRQLQDFU which included literature search and expert interview.

Prevalence of Vitamin B and folic acid deficiency in HIV-positive patients and its association with neuropsychiatric symptoms and immunological response.

Background: Deficiency of micronutrients is prevalent even before the development of symptoms of HIV disease and is associated with accelerated HIV disease progression.

Aims: This study evaluates the prevalence of folate and Vitamin B deficiency in HIV-positive patients with or without tuberculosis (TB) and its association with neuropsychiatric symptoms and immunological response.

Settings And Design: Cross-sectional, observational study in an outpatient setting.

Cervical cytological abnormalities and human papilloma virus infection in women infected with HIV in Southern India.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the association between CD4 count, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among HIV-infected women.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 HIV-infected women attending an antiretroviral therapy clinic. They underwent Pap smear and cervical HPV DNA testing.

Topical honey for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: A systematic review.

Topical honey has been used for the treatment of wound since ancient time. But the medical evidence proving it is limited. Hence a systematic review was planned.

Effect of Vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on neuropsychiatric symptoms and immune response in HIV-positive patients.

Background: Micronutrients such as B12 and folic acid deficiencies are found in higher number in HIV-infected patients.

Objective: We conducted a study to examine the effect of Vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on neuropsychiatric manifestations, CD4 count, and anthropometric measurements in HIV-positive patients.

Materials And Methods: Three different groups of HIV patients, namely, HIV patients with tuberculosis, HIV patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations, and asymptomatic HIV patients with 50 patients in each group were included in the study.

Replication and Relevance of Multiple Susceptibility Loci Discovered from Genome Wide Association Studies for Type 2 Diabetes in an Indian Population.

Aim: Several genetic variants for type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been identified through genome wide association studies (GWAS) from Caucasian population; however replication studies were not consistent across various ethnicities. Objective of the current study is to examine the possible correlation of 9 most significant GWAS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for T2D susceptibility as well as the interactive effect of these variants on the risk of T2D in an Indian population.

Methods: Case-control cohorts of 1156 individuals were genotyped for 9 SNPs from an Indian population.

Virulence factor profiles, phylogenetic background, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of lactose fermenting and nonlactose fermenting Escherichia coli from extraintestinal sources.

Context: In recent years, nonlactose fermenting (NLF) Escherichia coli have been increasingly isolated in the microbiology laboratory, but their clinical significance has not yet been clearly elucidated.

Aims: To characterize the lactose fermenting (LF) and NLF isolates on the basis of their virulence factors, phylogenetic background, and drug resistance property.

Settings And Design: This descriptive study was carried out in a multi-specialty tertiary care hospital.