Where Should I Draw the Line: PET-Driven, Data-Driven, or Manufacturer Cut-Off?

Background: The optimal cut-off for Alzheimer's disease (AD) CSF biomarkers remains controversial.

Objective: To analyze the performance of cut-off points standardized by three methods: one that optimized the agreement between 11C-Pittsburgh compound B PET (a-PET) and CSF biomarkers (Aβ1-42, pTau, tTau, and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio) in our population, called PET-driven; an unbiased cut-off using data from a healthy research cohort, called data-driven, and that provided by the manufacturer. We also compare changes in ATN classification.

"This looks like a movie": a case report of post-surgical amnesia.

A 52-year-old male patient with a background of adaptive personality disorder was admitted for mitral valve repair and cardiac ablation for atrial fibrillation. He suffered intraoperative complications with severe mitral insufficiency that suffered ischemia..

Corrigendum: Exploring the relationship between deficits in social cognition and neurodegenerative dementia: A systematic review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.

Exploring the Relationship Between Deficits in Social Cognition and Neurodegenerative Dementia: A Systematic Review.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases might affect social cognition in various ways depending on their components (theory of mind, emotional processing, attribution bias, and social perception) and the subtype of dementia they cause. This review aims to explore this difference in cognitive function among individuals with different aetiologies of dementia.

Methods: The following databases were explored: MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Web of Science, and PsycINFO.

The retinal ganglion cell layer reflects neurodegenerative changes in cognitively unimpaired individuals.

Background: To evaluate a wide range of optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters for possible application as a screening tool for cognitively healthy individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), assessing the potential relationship with established cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) core AD biomarkers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: We studied 99 participants from the Valdecilla Study for Memory and Brain Aging. This is a prospective cohort for multimodal biomarker discovery and validation that includes participants older than 55 years without dementia.

Poorer cognitive function and environmental airborne Mn exposure determined by biomonitoring and personal environmental monitors in a healthy adult population.

Background/aim: In the Santander Bay (Cantabria, northern Spain), a ferromanganese alloy plant is located. Our objective was to characterize the Mn personal exposure of adult healthy volunteers living in this highly Mn exposed region, and to determine its association with a poorer cognitive function.

Methods: Cross-sectional study analyzing 130 consecutive participants.

Sleep Time Estimated by an Actigraphy Watch Correlates With CSF Tau in Cognitively Unimpaired Elders: The Modulatory Role of APOE.

There is increasing evidence of the relationship between sleep and neurodegeneration, but this knowledge is not incorporated into clinical practice yet. We aimed to test whether a basic sleep parameter, as total sleep estimated by actigraphy for 1 week, was a valid predictor of CSF Alzheimer's Disease core biomarkers (amyloid-β-42 and -40, phosphorylated-tau-181, and total-tau) in elderly individuals, considering possible confounders and effect modifiers, particularly the 4 allele. One hundred and twenty-seven cognitively unimpaired volunteers enrolled in the Valdecilla Study for Memory and Brain Aging participated in this study.

Distinctive Oculomotor Behaviors in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia.

Oculomotor behavior can provide insight into the integrity of widespread cortical networks, which may contribute to the differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Three groups of patients with Alzheimer's disease, behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) and a sample of cognitively unimpaired elders underwent an eye-tracking evaluation. All participants in the discovery sample, including controls, had a biomarker-supported diagnosis.

Major Surgery Affects Memory in Individuals with Cerebral Amyloid-β Pathology.

Background: Major surgery has been associated with perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), but the contributing factors and long-term prognosis are uncertain. We hypothesize that preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) might predispose to cognitive deterioration after surgery.

Objective: To analyze the effect of amyloid-β on the cognitive trajectory after orthopedic surgery in a sample of non-demented subjects.

Fatal consequences of decreased sensitivity to pain and temperature in a frontotemporal dementia patient.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by the progressive damage of frontal and temporal brain regions. These networks largely overlap with those involved in pain and temperature processing. Although the impaired perception of pain and temperature has been previously described to be relatively common in patients with FTD, these symptoms are often not consistently assessed by Neurologists.

Evaluation of choroidal thickness in prodromal Alzheimer's disease defined by amyloid PET.

Objective: To assess and compare the involvement of choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) defined by amyloid PET and healthy controls (HC).

Methods: Sixty-three eyes from 34 AD patients [12 eyes (19.0%) with dementia and 51 eyes (80.

A snake that bites its own tail. Acquisition and loss of concepts in children and semantic dementia patients through the analysis of drawings.

Objective: The structure of the semantic network is constructed and organized during childhood development. Previous publications have hypothesized that neurodegenerative diseases would lead to a disruption of this network reversing the steps acquired in childhood. Semantic Dementia (SD) is a subtype of frontotemporal lobe degeneration in which the main symptom is a specific loss of semantic memory.

Physical Activity Is Associated With Better Executive Function in University Students.

: In recent years, the study of the benefits that physical exercise has on brain health has acquired special relevance. In order to implement exercise as an intervention to protect the brain, it is important to have a more clear idea of its effect in the young population. However, few studies have been carried out on these ages.

Atrophy of Basal Forebrain Initiates with Tau Pathology in Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease.

Evidence suggests that the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic system degenerates early in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD), likely due to the vulnerability of BF cholinergic neurons to tau pathology. However, it remains unclear whether the presence of tauopathy is the only requirement for initiating the BF degeneration in asymptomatic subjects at risk for AD (AR-AD), and how BF structural deficits evolve from normal aging to preclinical and prodromal AD. Here, we provide human in vivo magnetic resonance imaging evidence supporting that abnormal cerebrospinal fluid levels of phosphorylated tau (T+) are selectively associated with bilateral volume loss of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM, Ch4) in AR-AD individuals.

Cognitive and Behavioral Profiles of Left and Right Semantic Dementia: Differential Diagnosis with Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Semantic dementia (SD) is a subtype of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) characterized by semantic memory loss and preserved abilities of other cognitive functions. The clinical manifestations of SD require a differential diagnosis with Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially those with early onset, and behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD).

Objective: The present study aimed to compare cognitive performances and neuropsychiatric symptoms in a population of AD, bvFTD, and left and right SD defined with the support of molecular imaging (amyloid and 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography) and assessed the accuracy of different neuropsychological markers in distinguishing these neurodegenerative diseases.

Ganglion cell layer thinning in prodromal Alzheimer's disease defined by amyloid PET.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate and compare optic nerve and retinal layers in eyes of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) with paired control eyes using optical coherence tomography.

Methods: Sixty-three eyes of 34 subjects, 12 eyes with AD and 51 eyes with MCI, positive to C-labeled Pittsburgh Compound-B with positron emission tomography (C-PiB PET/CT), and the same number of sex- and age-paired control eyes underwent optical coherence tomography scanning analyzing retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), inner plexiform layer (IPL), outer nuclear layer, and lamina cribrosa (LC).

Results: Compared with healthy controls, eyes of patients with positive C-PiB PET/CT showed a significant thinning of RNFL ( < .

A Brief Drawing Task for the Differential Diagnosis of Semantic Dementia.

Background: Semantic dementia (SD) is a subtype of frontotemporal lobe degeneration characterized by semantic loss, with other cognitive functions initially preserved. SD requires differential diagnosis with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Semantic knowledge can be evaluated through different tests; however, most of them depend on language.

Utility of Amyloid and FDG-PET in Clinical Practice: Differences Between Secondary and Tertiary Care Memory Units.

The clinical utility of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) has not been fully established. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of amyloid imaging on clinical decision making in a secondary care unit and compare our results with a previous study in a tertiary center following the same methods. We reviewed retrospectively 151 cognitively impaired patients who underwent amyloid (Pittsburgh compound B [PiB]) PET and were evaluated clinically before and after the scan in a secondary care unit.

Cerebral changes and disrupted gray matter cortical networks in asymptomatic older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease.

The diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers is well established in Alzheimer's disease, but our current knowledge about how abnormal CSF levels affect cerebral integrity, at local and network levels, is incomplete in asymptomatic older adults. Here, we have collected CSF samples and performed structural magnetic resonance imaging scans in cognitively normal elderly as part of a cross-sectional multicenter study (SIGNAL project). To identify group differences in cortical thickness, white matter volume, and properties of structural networks, participants were split into controls (N = 20), positive amyloid-β (Aβ) (N = 19), and positive phosphorylated tau (N = 18).

Cortical microstructural changes along the Alzheimer's disease continuum.

Introduction: Cortical mean diffusivity (MD) and free water fraction (FW) changes are proposed biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: We included healthy control subjects (N = 254), mild cognitive impairment (N = 41), and AD dementia (N = 31) patients. Participants underwent a lumbar puncture and a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging.

C-PIB retention patterns in white and grey cerebral matter in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients. A visual analysis.

Objective: Cortical cerebral amyloid disease, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, has also been observed in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The aim of this study was to compare the C-PIB PET/CT retention pattern in iNPH patients and healthy subjects.

Material And Methods: A comparison was made of the C-PIB PET/CT retention pattern in 13 iNPH patients selected for surgical deviation, compared to a normal control population.

Logopenic Aphasia due to a Strategic Stroke: New Evidence from a Single Case.

Among primary progressive aphasias (PPAs), logopenic variant PPA (lv-PPA) is usually related to Alzheimer's disease. Although it has been widely clinically and pathologically evaluated, the topography in LPA is still controversial. We report a patient presenting with a logopenic syndrome due to a strategic lesion located in the superior and middle temporal gyrus and compare our findings with those of a PiB-PET positive lv-PPA patient matched by age, gender, and education.

MicroRNA Profile in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: Analysis of miR-9-5p and miR-598 in Raw and Exosome Enriched Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples.

Background: MicroRNAs have been postulated as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Exosomes are nanovesicles which transport microRNAs, proteins, and other cargos. It has been hypothesized that the exosome traffic might be increased in neurodegenerative disorders.