Optimized Whole-Slide-Image H&E Stain Normalization: A Step Towards Big Data Integration in Digital Pathology.

In the medical diagnostics domain, pathology and histology are pivotal for the precise identification of diseases. Digital histopathology, enhanced by automation, facilitates the efficient analysis of massive amount of biopsy images produced on a daily basis, streamlining the evaluation process. This study focuses in Stain Color Normalization (SCN) within a Whole-Slide Image (WSI) cohort, aiming to reduce batch biases.

LabVIEW-based control software for para-hydrogen induced polarization instrumentation.

The elucidation of cell metabolic mechanisms is the modern underpinning of the diagnosis, treatment, and in some cases the prevention of disease. Para-Hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) enhances magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals over 10,000 fold, allowing for the MRI of cell metabolic mechanisms. This signal enhancement is the result of hyperpolarizing endogenous substances used as contrast agents during imaging.

Unifying electrostatic mechanism for phosphates and sulfates in cell signaling.

Prior proposals suggested the importance of electrochemistry in signal transduction and receptor-ligand activity. Electrostatic fields associated with ions and dipoles were assigned important roles. Little is known concerning the precise mode of action in cell signaling by widespread phosphorylation.

Unifying electrostatic mechanism for receptor-ligand activity.

A prior article in skeletal form proposed an electrostatic mechanism for receptor-ligand activity. The present review provides an elaboration, including supporting evidence. The fundamental aspect entails the presence of molecular electrostatic potential associated with ions and dipoles in the ligand.

Bioelectronome. Integrated approach to receptor chemistry, radicals, electrochemistry, cell signaling, and physiological effects based on electron transfer.

Bioelectronome refers to the host of electron transfer (ET) reactions that occur in living systems. This review presents an integrated approach to receptor chemistry based on electron transfer, radicals, electrochemistry, cell signaling, and end result. First, receptor activity is addressed from the unifying standpoint of redox transformations in which various receptors are discussed.

Cell signaling (mechanism and reproductive toxicity): redox chains, radicals, electrons, relays, conduit, electrochemistry, and other medical implications.

This article deals with a novel, simple, integrated approach to cell signaling involving basic biochemical principles, and their relationship to reproductive toxicity. Initially, an overview of the biological aspects is presented. According to the hypothetical approach, cell signaling entails interaction of redox chains, involving initiation, propagation, and termination.

Effects of hypoxia on the onset of muscle deoxygenation and the lactate threshold.

Six subjects performed two trials of incremental cycling to exhaustion under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The lactate threshold and onset of muscle deoxygenation were highly correlated under both conditions, and during the hypoxic condition both variables shifted leftward.

Is nonangiogenesis a novel pathway for cancer progression? A study using 3-dimensional tumour reconstructions.

The nonangiogenic lung tumour is characterized by neoplastic cells co-opting the pre-existent vasculature and filling the alveoli space. 3-dimensional reconstruction of the tumour reveals that this particular tumour progresses without neovascularization and there is no major destruction of the lung's architectural integrity.

Ugandan Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus phylogeny: evidence for cross-ethnic transmission of viral subtypes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the relationship between Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) phylogeny and host ethnicity at the within-country scale.

Methods: KSHV genomic DNA samples were isolated from 31 patients across eleven Ugandan ethnic groups. Amino acid sequences of the ORF-K1 gene were used to construct a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree.

Mechanism of mitochondrial uncouplers, inhibitors, and toxins: focus on electron transfer, free radicals, and structure-activity relationships.

The biology of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is summarized. Our approach to the mechanism of uncouplers, inhibitors, and toxins is based on electron transfer (ET) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Extensive supporting evidence, which is broadly applicable, is cited.

Skin blood flow affects in vivo near-infrared spectroscopy measurements in human skeletal muscle.

Skin blood flow affects NIRS. Leg skin blood flow (SkBF) was increased and decreased following local heating and intradermal epinephrine injection. Epinephrine decreased muscle saturation (StO(2)), and heating the leg increased StO(2).

Exercise treatment for sacroiliac pain.

The reciprocal relationship of the latissimus dorsi on one side and the gluteus maximus on the other side has been demonstrated anatomically. To demonstrate this relationship by muscle action, electromyographic studies were performed in 15 healthy individuals. This formed the baseline for evaluation of 5 symptomatic patients with sacroiliac dysfunction.

A preliminary report on the effect of measured strength training in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

The authors studied 12 adolescent patients with scoliosis (10 girls and 2 boys) who were 11 to 16 years old and had curvatures ranging from 20 degrees to 60 degrees. Seven were right thoracic curves and five were thoracolumbar with double curves. When tested on the MedX Torso Rotation Machine, both sides were unequal in their torso rotation strength all patients.

Balance retraining in a hemiparetic patient using center of gravity biofeedback: a single-case study.

A single-subject experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of center of gravity biofeedback on retraining balance control in a 72-yr.-old male hemiparetic patient. For both assessment and training the subject stood on dual force-plates enclosed on three sides by a visual surround.

Relationships between myoelectric activity, strength, and MRI of lumbar extensor muscles in back pain patients and normal subjects.

Eight normal individuals and eight patients with chronic back pain were evaluated. They undertook a treatment program lasting 8 weeks, with two exercise sessions each week. Myoelectric activity, lumbar extensor strength, and cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the lumbar paraspinal extensor muscles was assessed at the beginning and end of the program.

Postural stability of diabetic patients with and without cutaneous sensory deficit in the foot.

Postural stability was measured in 50 patients classified into two diabetic groups: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM: n = 27), and diabetic patients with bilateral cutaneous sensory deficit in the foot (CD: n = 23). All patients were matched to 50 non-diabetic controls on age, weight and gender variables. The integrity of cutaneous sensory information at the foot was assessed using a monofilament test.

Effects of high altitude and cold exposure on resting thyroid hormone concentrations.

This study examined the effect of high altitude and cold exposure on thyroid hormone status during a mountaineering expedition. There were 15 males participating in an expedition to climb Mt. McKinley, AK.

Validity of urine-blood hydrational measures to assess total body water changes during mountaineering in the sub-Arctic.

Mountaineering involves high altitude and cold exposure which are each associated with significant levels of dehydration (via altitude-cold diuresis, high energy expenditures, and poor access to water). The purpose of this study was to identify and validate urine and blood indices of dehydration as compared to changes in total body water (which served as the reference standard). Male subjects (n = 10) were studied during a 14 day mountaineering expedition in the sub-Arctic during which they climbed to an altitude of 5245 +/- 229 m (mean +/- SE).

Shivering following cardiac surgery: predictive factors, consequences, and characteristics.

Background: Shivering is common after cardiac surgery and may evoke harmful hemodynamic changes. Neither those changes nor factors increasing probability of shivering are well defined.

Objectives: (1) To identify factors linked with risk of shivering by comparing age, weight, body surface area, gender, intraoperative details, anesthetics, postoperative temperatures, hemodynamics, and therapeutics in shivering vs nonshivering patients.

Suppression of shivering by breath holding, relaxation, mental arithmetic, and warm water ingestion.

Four methods of suppressing cold-induced shivering were evaluated in 26 young male volunteers exposed to 0.0 +/- 1.0 degrees C air for 135 min.

Effects of topical anesthesia on essential tremor.

In a single-blinded study, the effects of skin desensitization by topical anesthesia (4% xylocaine) on six patients who had essential tremor were investigated. Resting hand tremor was monitored using an accelerometer and multiple surface electromyograms. The amplitude and frequency characteristics of the oscillations were determined using spectral analysis.

Analysis of multiple EMG and acceleration signals of various record lengths as a means to study pathological and physiological oscillations.

Quantitation of pathological and physiological oscillations are of interest to both the clinician and researcher. Power spectral analysis is a technique which allows for quantitation of both signal amplitude and frequency characteristics. For example, computer derived spectra of limb acceleration and demodulated electromyograms are used to define the properties of an oscillation.

Shivering and pathological and physiological clonic oscillations of the human ankle.

Shivering and physiological and pathological clonus of the ankle were compared using power spectral and cross-correlation analysis of their respective electromyographic and acceleration waveforms. The major spectral peaks from each type of involuntary oscillation possessed similar frequencies (5-7 Hz). Soleus electromyographic activity was significantly correlated with the motion signal, whereas no correlation was observed between motion and tibialis anterior electromyographic signal.

Experimental hypothermia and cold perception.

Twelve subjects clothed in flotation suits were immersed in 10 degrees C cold water and their surface temperatures at the back and groin, as well as core temperatures, were continuously monitored. Subjects were unable to reliably assess how cold they were, with the highest correlation observed between perceived temperature and actual temperature reaching only 0.51.