Evaluation of concentration procedures, sample pre-treatment, and storage condition for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.

Crucial information on the pandemic's spread has been gathered by monitoring the trend of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. This surveillance has highlighted that the initial concentration is a critical step of the analytical procedure due to the low viral titer that may be present in this matrix. This paper presents the results of the evaluation of two different wastewater concentration protocols to determine the most efficient and cost-effective.

Evaluation of GVPC and BCYE Media for Detection and Enumeration in Water Samples by ISO 11731: Does Plating on BCYE Medium Really Improve Yield?

are the causative agents of Legionnaires' diseases, which is a pneumonia of important public health concern. Ubiquitous freshwater and soil inhabitants can reach man-made water systems and cause illness. enumeration and quantification in water systems is crucial for risk assessment and culture examination is the gold standard method.

Occurrence of two Norovirus outbreaks in the same cafeteria in one week.

In October 2017, two outbreaks of gastroenteritis (GE) occurred among patrons of a cafeteria in Italy in one week. Virological and bacteria investigations on stool samples, environment and food were conducted to identify the infectious agents and the possible source of infection. Forty-five cases occurred in the two outbreaks, including 13 laboratory-confirmed cases of norovirus GI.

Biodiversity and γ-aminobutyric acid production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional alpine raw cow's milk cheeses.

"Nostrano-cheeses" are traditional alpine cheeses made from raw cow's milk in Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy. This study identified lactic acid bacteria (LAB) developing during maturation of "Nostrano-cheeses" and evaluated their potential to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an immunologically active compound and neurotransmitter. Cheese samples were collected on six cheese-making days, in three dairy factories located in different areas of Trentino and at different stages of cheese ripening (24 h, 15 days, and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8 months).

Does milk treatment before cheesemaking affect microbial and chemical traits of ripened cheese? Grana Trentino as a case study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different storage temperatures and delivery system of the milk on the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of Grana Trentino, a long-ripened hard-cooked Italian cheese. In particular, 3 kinds of milk storage and delivery were studied: milk delivered to the dairy in the traditional manner without temperature control, milk delivered at 18°C, and milk stored at the farm and delivered at 12°C. Milk, natural whey starter, and cheeses after 18 mo of ripening were sampled for microbiological profiles, physicochemical analysis, and proteolysis evaluation, and a study of cheese volatile compounds through a solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique was performed.

The spatial distribution of bacteria in Grana-cheese during ripening.

The microbial composition and its spatial distribution of Grana Trentino, a hard Parmesan-like cheese, was determined, from vat milk to cheese. After cutting along the vertical axis of the cheese wheels, three layers were sampled diagonally across the cheese: under the cheese rind, an intermediate section and the cheese core. After two different ripening periods (9 and 18 months), the cheese samples were analysed using traditional culture dependent and culture independent methods.

Extension of Tosèla cheese shelf-life using non-starter lactic acid bacteria.

Six strains of non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) were used to extend the shelf-life of the fresh cheese Tosèla manufactured with pasteurised cows' milk. The acidification kinetics of three Lactobacillus paracasei, one Lactobacillus rhamnosus and two Streptococcus macedonicus were studied in synthetic milk medium. Lb.

Changes in psychrotrophic microbial populations during milk creaming to produce Grana Trentino cheese.

The aim of this study was to study the psychrotrophic microbiota developing during milk creaming of Grana Trentino cheese-making. 138 isolates from raw whole milk, cream and skim milk samples were screened by Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR biotyping and representative strains of each biotype were characterised by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and enzymatic activity. Pseudomonadaceae were commonly isolated in cream samples while Streptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae in milk samples.

A factory-scale application of secondary adjunct cultures selected from lactic acid bacteria during Puzzone di Moena cheese ripening.

The lactic acid populations of 2 seasonal Puzzone di Moena cheeses made from winter and summer raw cow's milk were characterized at different ripening times. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated on selective media and subjected to genetic typing and identification. The species most frequently found during ripening were Lactobacillus paracasei ssp.

Lactobacillus sobrius sp. nov., abundant in the intestine of weaning piglets.

To obtain porcine isolates related to Lactobacillus amylovorus, we screened strains from piglet intestine grown on Lactobacillus-specific MRS agar for hybridization to a fluorescent 16S rRNA-targeted DNA probe. Six strains were isolated and further characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. The isolates were Gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods.

Indigenous raw milk microbiota influences the bacterial development in traditional cheese from an alpine natural park.

Nostrano di Primiero is a 6-month ripened cheese produced from raw milk collected in the Paneveggio-Pale di San Martino Natural Park area in the Italian Dolomites. In summer, this cheese is made using milk collected from two different areas, Passo Rolle and Vanoi, in the Paneveggio Natural Park. During the experiment, the milk from the two areas was separately processed, and cheeses were made in the same cheese factory using the same technological process.

Violent events reported by normal urban school-aged children: characteristics and depression correlates.

Objective: This paper reports data on the prevalence of morbid thoughts of death or injury and the experiences of violence for a sample of 6 to 12 year old urban school children and examines the relationship of these thoughts and experiences to the child's emotional health.

Method: Fifty-seven of the sample of 223 children who attended the same inner-city school described violent events occurring to themselves, a relative or friend. All children were interviewed and assessed on the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R).

Depression and learning disabilities in children: a test of an hypothesis.

Performance-Verbal IQ discrepancy scores are compared for 27 depressed and 15 nondepressed children all of whom experienced learning difficulties. Brumbach (1985) reported a significant association between depression and Performance IQ deficits for children with learning difficulties. In contrast to Brumbach's finding, no difference was observed in Performance IQ deficit between depressed and nondepressed children in the current study.

A comparison of child and parent ratings of depression for normal and clinically referred children.

Child and parent ratings of 14 items of the Children's Depression Rating Scale--Revised are compared for a non-clinical and clinical sample. Four hypotheses are tested: (1) children and parents differ in rating depressive symptoms; (2) children rate depressions less severely than parents; (3) parents report greater severity for behavioral and children for ideational symptoms; and (4) the relationship between child and parent ratings does not differ between samples. The first hypothesis was supported in the non-clinical sample and the second in the clinical sample.

Diagnostic criteria in childhood depression.

Comparison of diagnoses of childhood depression from four sets of criteria (i.e., Research Diagnostic Criteria, DSM-III, and those of Poznanski and Weinberg) used with 65 children referred to a psychiatric clinic showed complete agreement in 56 (86%) of the cases.

EEG sleep in depressed adolescents.

Sleep disturbances, including disturbances in REM sleep, are common among depressed adults; it is unclear if the same is true for depressed adolescents. The authors monitored the sleep of 13 depressed adolescents and 13 normal age-matched controls. They found that, as with depressed adults, REM latency was significantly shorter and REM density significantly greater in the depressed group.

Use of the Children's Depression Rating Scale in an inpatient psychiatric population.

The Children's Depression Rating Scale is a useful and reliable instrument for measuring the severity of depression in children. The scale was initially used in a pediatric liaison population. This study reports its use in consecutive admissions to a child inpatient unit.

The dexamethasone suppression test in prepubertal depressed children.

The authors evaluated 18 dysphoric children aged 6--12 years by structured clinical assessments and an overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) administered on an outpatient basis. Nine children met diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, and 8 of the 9 also met the Research Diagnostic Criteria for endogenous depression. Of the 9 depressed children, 5 had abnormal DST results; 8 of the 9 nondepressed children had normal test results.