[Immunohistochemical examination of MSH2, PMS2, MLH1, MSH6 compared with the analysis of microsatellite instability in colon adenocarcinoma].

Adenocarcinoma of the colon in 10-20% is associated with microsatellite instability, which can occur both in sporadic cancers and in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Our analysis of 195 cases of adenocarcinoma of the colon showed that microsatellite instability (MSI-H) was found only in 1.5% of patients.

[Proliferation of cancer stem cells in colorectal adenocarcinoma].

Correlation between level of ALDH1 expression and metastases development in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma was not revealed. Proliferation of stem cancer cells (ALDH1-positive) was significantly lower comparatively ALDH-1 negative tumor cells (p < 0.001).

[Morphological assessment of predictive factors in adenocarcinoma of the colon].

Immunohistochemical investigation of 15 different markers in colon adenocarcinoma was carried out. Prognostic significance showed chemokine receptor CXCR4 and Ki-67. Predictive significance was revealed for thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP).

[Carcinosarcomas of the uterus: molecular-genetic and morphological features].

13 cases of uterine carcinosarcomas have been studied by molecular-genetic method. The impairment of some genes (K-RAS gene in the first exon, TP53 in the 5th-9th exons, PTEN in the 5th and 8th exons) has been found out. The loss of heterozygosity of TP53 gene in epithelium and mesenchyme of the uterus has been detected.

[Carcinosarcoma of the corpus uteri: potential of p53, PTEN and COX-2 expression for survival].

Clinico-morphological and immunohistochemical examinations were carried out in 46 patients with carcinocarcinoma of the corpus uteri to evaluate p53, PTEN and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in mesenchymal and epithelial cells of tumor. p53 expression in the epithelium and that of COX-2 in both compartments appeared to be unfavorable prognosticators of survival while that of PTEN is a lesser one in significance.

[Positron emission tomography with 18F-FDG compared with proliferative activity of tumor cells in different subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma].

In the course of this study we determined the ability of positron emission tomography (PET) with the 18F-FDG to detect non-hodgkin lymphoma lesions, assess their proliferative activity and differentiate aggressive tumors from indolent. Tracer uptake in lymphoma was evaluated semiquantitatively by calculation of standardized uptake values (SUV). It was compared with tumor grade and proliferation fraction determined by Ki-67 staining.

[New prognostic factors in the treatment of patients with stage-III Hodgkin's disease].

Our data are presented on evaluation of chemoradiotherapy of 365 patients with stage III Hodgkin's disease. Patients with stage IIIA tumors revealed the following significant differences of overall and relapse-free survival (p < or = 0.00001): 15-year overall survival (nodular sclerosis G1) - 95% vs.

[The place of dendritic cells in the microenviroment in Hodgkin's lymphoma].

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the least studied microenvironment elements in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Ninety-five lymph nodes were morphologically and immunohistochemically studied in patients with classical HL. The authors found CDla- and langerin-positive DCs in the presence of T lymphocytes, which were localized in the close proximity to neoplastic Reed-Sternberg cells (RSCs).

[Expression of contractile proteins alpha-actin and myosin of smooth muscle cells and collagen of IV type in human placenta at placental insufficiency in III trimester of pregnancy].

Changes of expression of contractile proteins (alpha-actin and myosin of smooth muscle cell) and of collagen of IV type in stroma of human placental villi were studied at the diagnosed placental insufficiency (PI) in III trimester of pregnancy. The study revealed pronounced disturbances of expression of contractile proteins and collagen of IV type at PI. It is shown that in perivascular envelopes of vessels of stem and intermediate villi there is present a much greater amount of cells expressing smooth muscle actin and myosin.

[Structural changes in human placenta and its vascular bed in syndrome of placentar failure].

Study of born placentas with chronic functional failure established in the III pregnancy trimester has revealed several characteristic structural alterations of placentar villi and of its vascular bed elements. There has been shown a decrease of the number of terminal villi and an increase of their sizes (approximately 3 times) as compared with norm, a change of transformation of cytotrophoblast into syncytiotrophoblast, thickening of vascular endothelium, a decrease of the number of capillaries-sinusoids, and a decrease of the number of syncytiocapillary membranes, which leads to deterioration of conditions of the maternal-fetal diffuse exchange. It has been established that in placentar failure, expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by cytotrophoblast cells, syncytiotrophoblast, and Kashchenko-Hoffbauer cells is enhanced as compared with norm, which can be considered a reaction to a decrease of intensity of placentar blood circulation.

[The proliferative properties and regulators of the mitotic cell cycle of prostate adenocarcinoma].

The authors have made an immunohistochemical determination of Ki-67, topoisomerase IIalpha, cyclins D1, A, and B1, and calculated their indices in 145 acinar adenocarcinomas of the prostate. This tumor is characterized by a wide range of Ki-67 index (from 3 to 90% or more) although 90% of cases are in the range of 5-35%. Other study proliferative markers are distributed in the following descending order: cyclin D1 (1.

[The Saint Petersburg Society of Pathologists is 100 years old].

The paper describes the history of the Saint Petersburg Society of pathologists since it was founded in 1909. It shows what great role is played by outstanding Russian medical scientists who have established their own schools of pathomorphologists and are respected in our and foreign countries. The activities of the society's members in research developments in cardiovascular and infectious diseases, cancer morphology, etc.

[Kinetic features of ascites and solid Ehrlich tumors].

Such biological parameters as tumor volume, Ki-67 and p53, which characterize the development of ascites and solid tumor of Ehrlich were evaluated. The kinetic curve of growth of ascites tumor was S-shaped (Gomperts) while that of the solid one--cubic (Speer-Retsky). Ki-67 expression level was found to be in cyclic correlation with duration (3 and 6 day intervals) which might be worth considering when working out therapeutic procedure.

[Diabetes mellitus and obesity: projection onto oncological morbidity].

Peculiar features of human morbidity and their changes in time are registered chronologically starting from the XVII-VYIIIth centuries. After the period of predominantly infectious diseases, chronic and non-communicable conditions continued to gain momentum in the last 3-5 decades. Side by side with AIDS, accidents, effects of smoking etc, the global epidemics of diabetes mellitus and obesity comes up to take a leading place in the general population morbidity.

[Some kinetic characteristics of cervical cancer].

Proliferation parameters such as mitotic index, tumor growth rate and cell loss were identified in 1,048 squamous cervical carcinoma patients treated at the Center's Clinic (1951-1996). Mitotic indices ranged 0.2-5.

[An immunohistochemical study of aromatase, estrogen 4-hydroxylase and fatty acid synthetase in breast cancer tissues from BRCA1 mutation carriers].

Breast cancer in germline BRCA1 mutation carriers features a peculiar endocrine and metabolic profile which is yet to be studied properly in clinical settings. We used a novel immunohistochemical method to compare expression levels of aromatase, estrogen 4-hydroxylase (CYP1B1) and fatty acid synthetase in breast cancer tissues from 12 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 22 non-carriers. Rates of aromatase in carriers were significantly higher than in control (p=0.

[Investigation of biological features of uterine carcinosarcoma].

Results of clinico-morphological and immunohistochemical studies of 44 cases of carcinosarcoma of the uterus are presented in an attempt to provide pathogenetic rationale for prognosticators of the disease. Immunohistochemical reactions were used to evaluate the expression of genes and mediators p53 and PTEN and cyclooxigenase (COX-2) in cells of mesenchyme and epithelium of tumor to gauge the influence of either component on its biological behavior. All patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they revealed expression of p53, PTEN and cyclooxigenase or not.

[Immunohistochemical markers as prognosticators in gynecologic oncology].

Cyclooxygenase and particularly COX-2 expression impaired survival in patients operated on for endometrial adenocarcinoma of the uterus: 5-year overall and relapse-free survival in absence of expression was 92% and 88%, respectively, while in cases of distinct expression, it fell down to 52% and 48%, respectively (p = 0.0004; 0.0005).

[Preoperative accelerated radiotherapy for breast cancer--is it a historical delusion or a legitimate method of treatment?].

An effective procedure for preoperative chemoradiotherapy is suggested to intensify treatment of patients with extensive, local and/or regional, metastases of breast cancer. It uses medication followed by accelerated radiotherapy which offers the combined advantages of "concentrated" and "conventional" irradiation. High local and systemic effect is produced right at the outset thus making use of high-cost "first-line" cytostatics unnecessary and avoiding delay of surgical intervention.

[The significance of immunohistochemistry in the investigation of liver neoplasms: differential diagnosis, prognostic markers].

The immunohistochemical investigation used 55 primary hepatic tumors (hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)--32, cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC)--23). Wide panels of such antibodies as hepatocytic marker (Hep Par--1) CK-8, CK-19, polyclonal CEA, CD10, alpha-fetoprotein, TTF-1 as well as proliferative features of HCC (Ki-67) including regulators of stage-to-stage transition through mitoses of tumor cells (cyclin-D1 and A, genes p53 and RB), unrestricted tumor cell mitosis (telomerases), and intercellular adhesion marker (beta-catenin) were employed for differential diagnosis of neoplasia. The most efficient marker HCC was Hep Par--l (sensitivity--100%, specificity--92%) while the sensitivity of CCC (CK-19) was 83% and specificity--78%.

[Predictive value of serum PSA in detection of prostate cancer by fine needle biopsy].

Parallel study of PSA and needle biopsy were performed in 356 men, aged 42-92 years; prostate cancer was detected in 182 cases while no cancer--in 174. When PSA level ranged 4-20 ng/ml, at density of 0.1-0.

[Galectin-3 in diagnosis of thyroid cancer].

Fourty patients with thyroid nodules were examined. Benchmarking study of FNA results, histology reports and immunohistochemistry of Galectin-3 expression were performed. Galectin-3 is a highly sensitive oncomarker for papillary carcinoma of thyroid gland: sensitivity--100%, specificity--71%, diagnostic value--85%.