Physical experiments of waves generated by submerged steam eruptions with applications to volcanic tsunamis.

The tsunamigenic potential of underwater volcanic eruptions is not well understood, even though eruption-generated tsunamis can be devastating. To address how erupted steam bursts from underwater volcanoes generate tsunamis, we present the experiments, using pressurized steam injected vertically into a water tank. Results over various eruption conditions identify three eruption regimes, namely, shallow-, intermediate-, and deep-water eruptions, according to the combined effects of water depths, source strengths, and source durations.

Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine-Induced Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: Case Reports and Literature Review.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report 2 cases of levamisole-adulterated cocaine-induced mucous membrane pemphigoid.

Methods: This study is a review of case reports and literature.

Results: Two patients presented with bilateral severe purulent conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration, and rapidly progressive forniceal shortening.

Management of Keratoconus in Down Syndrome and Other Intellectual Disability.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess an intellectual disability (ID) cohort with keratoconus (KC) regarding ophthalmic (visual acuity and corneal tomography) and systemic characteristics and to describe an appropriate clinical algorithm for investigation and management of KC in this setting.

Methods: This was the retrospective cohort study of patients with ID (Down syndrome, autism, and other) in the cornea department of a tertiary referral ophthalmic hospital in Dublin, Ireland. Retrospective chart review was conducted on people with ID undergoing examination under anesthesia or crosslinking under general anesthetic.

Presentation of Infectious Keratitis to ED during COVID-19 Lockdown.

Objectives: To compare presentation of infectious keratitis during COVID-19 lockdown with previous years, assess relative severity, and compare outcomes between COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 era groups.

Methods: Acute presentations of infectious keratitis during a strict government-mandated COVID-19 lockdown period were analysed retrospectively (March-May 2020). Data were compared with the same periods in 2018-2019.

Changing trends in corneal transplantation: a national review of current practices in the Republic of Ireland.

Background: First Irish National Corneal Transplant Registry report.

Aim: To report about current corneal transplantation practices in Ireland including patient demographics, indications and types of transplant performed and to compare the findings with other developed countries.

Methods: Nationwide retrospective review of the corneal transplants performed in Ireland between 2016 and 2019.

Safety and Efficacy of Supratarsal Triamcinolone for Treatment of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Ireland.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features, risk factors, and treatment outcomes after supratarsal injection of triamcinolone for vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).

Methods: A retrospective review of all patients treated with supratarsal triamcinolone for VKC between February 2002 and May 2017 at the Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital and Our Lady's Children Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland, was performed.

Results: Twenty-five patients, 46 eyes, and 145 injections were included for analysis.

Maximising Refractive Outcomes with an Extended Depth of Focus IOL.

Objective: To assess the impact of the magnitude of preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism on refractive outcomes in patients undergoing cataract surgery or lens exchange with an extended depth of focus intraocular lens. To compare visual outcomes of steep and temporal on-axis corneal incisions.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Blackrock Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.

Alcohol delamination of the corneal epithelium for recurrent corneal erosion syndrome.

Aim: To evaluate the outcomes of alcohol delamination (ALD) of the corneal epithelium for the treatment of recurrent corneal erosion syndrome (RCES) and to implement a standardized treatment protocol for this condition utilizing evidence based practice and the findings of an internal audit.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 42 eyes of 40 patients diagnosed with RCES who were treated with ALD between January 2006 and March 2016 was conducted. Patients had 20% alcohol applied to the cornea with the use of a well for 40s.

Complex multifault rupture during the 2016 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake, New Zealand.

On 14 November 2016, northeastern South Island of New Zealand was struck by a major moment magnitude () 7.8 earthquake. Field observations, in conjunction with interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Global Positioning System, and seismology data, reveal this to be one of the most complex earthquakes ever recorded.

Long-term Results of Combined LASIK and Monocular Small-Aperture Corneal Inlay Implantation.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of combined LASIK and small-aperture intracorneal inlay implantation (KAMRA; AcuFocus, Irvine, CA) for the surgical compensation of presbyopia and refractive errors.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of all ametropic, presbyopic patients who underwent combined LASIK and KAMRA inlay implantation at a single clinic. Demographic data and preoperative uncorrected and corrected monocular and binocular near and distance visual acuity (UNVA, UDVA, and CDVA) with manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) were collected and analyzed.

Long-term visual acuity, retention and complications observed with the type-I and type-II Boston keratoprostheses in an Irish population.

Aim: To evaluate the outcomes of the type-I and type-II Boston keratoprostheses in a single Irish centre.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of keratoprosthesis implantations carried out in our institution from November 2002 to March 2014 was performed. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon (WP).

Corneal inlay implantation complicated by infectious keratitis.

Background/aims: To report five cases of infectious keratitis following corneal inlay implantation for the surgical correction of presbyopia.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational case series. Five eyes of five patients were identified consecutively in two emergency departments during a 1-year period, from November 2013 to November 2014.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis of cultivated limbal epithelium and donor corneal tissue reveals altered wound healing gene expression.

Purpose: The improved surgical outcomes associated with transplantation of cultivated amniotic membrane expanded limbal epithelium (AMLE) compared to traditional donor methods has led to substantial adoption of this technique for treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency.

Methods: The mRNA expression profiles of AMLE and CE were assayed using microarrays. Transcripts with a 1.

Near-simultaneous great earthquakes at Tongan megathrust and outer rise in September 2009.

The Earth's largest earthquakes and tsunamis are usually caused by thrust-faulting earthquakes on the shallow part of the subduction interface between two tectonic plates, where stored elastic energy due to convergence between the plates is rapidly released. The tsunami that devastated the Samoan and northern Tongan islands on 29 September 2009 was preceded by a globally recorded magnitude-8 normal-faulting earthquake in the outer-rise region, where the Pacific plate bends before entering the subduction zone. Preliminary interpretation suggested that this earthquake was the source of the tsunami.

HRMAS 1H NMR conformational study of the resin-bound amyloid-forming peptide GNNQQNY from the yeast prion Sup35.

The conversion of soluble proteins to insoluble amyloid fibrils is associated with numerous human diseases. The peptide GNNQQNY is a short segment of the yeast prion protein Sup35 that previously has been found to form amyloid fibrils in a similar manner to the protein itself. The approach taken in this work was to attach this peptide sequence to an insoluble polymer matrix through solid phase peptide synthesis and give it the internal freedom to fold into its local conformation in an organic solvent.

High-field solid-state (67)Zn NMR spectroscopy of several zinc-amino acid complexes.

We report the results of our solid-state (67)Zn NMR study of the various zinc sites in four zinc-amino acid coordination complexes: bis(glycinato)zinc(II) monohydrate; bis(l-alaninato)zinc(II); bis(l-histidinato)zinc(II) dihydrate; and sodium bis(l-cysteinato)zincate(II) hexahydrate; as well as a related complex, bis(imidazole)zinc(II) chloride. We demonstrate the advantages of using high (21.1 T) applied magnetic fields for detecting (67)Zn directly at ambient temperatures using the quadrupolar Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gill (QCPMG) pulse sequence.

Risk factors, microbiological findings, and clinical outcomes in cases of microbial keratitis admitted to a tertiary referral center in ireland.

Aim: To identify the risk factors for, and to report the microbiological findings and clinical outcomes of, severe microbial keratitis (MK).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of all cases of presumed MK admitted to a tertiary referral center over a 2-year period (September 2001 to August 2003). Data recorded included demographic data, details relating to possible risk factors, results of microbiological studies, clinical findings at presentation, and clinical and visual outcomes.

Superior orbital fissure syndrome in herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Aim: To report a case of superior orbital fissure syndrome (SOFS) in a patient with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO).

Materials And Methods: A case report.

Results: A 71-year-old male with HZO presented acutely to accident and emergency complaining of right vision loss, double vision and drowsiness.

Inverse H-C ex situ HRMAS NMR experiments for solid-phase peptide synthesis.

The growing importance of solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) has necessitated the development of spectroscopic experiments that can be used to obtain structural and conformational information on resin-bound peptides. Despite the utility of two-dimensional high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR experiments that provide homonuclear shift correlations, experiments that provide heteronuclear shift correlations are necessary for complex conformational and structural elucidatory problems. Here we report the optimization and implementation of non-gradient inverse NMR experiments for acquiring the 1H-13C shift correlations of resin-bound peptides.

The role of common viral ocular pathogens in Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis.

Background/aims: The aetiology of Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK) remains elusive. A viral aetiology has been suggested by the absence of bacterial infection and clinical resemblance to other viral keratopathies. We report the results of polymerase chain reaction analysis for the detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, herpes zoster virus, varicella zoster virus (VZV) and adenovirus from corneal epithelial samples from patients with active signs and symptoms of TSPK.

Risk factors for a postoperative intraocular pressure spike after phacoemulsification.

Background: The aim of our study was to examine several potential risk factors for intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes 2 to 3 hours after phacoemulsification.

Methods: 50 eyes of 50 consecutive patients undergoing uncomplicated phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia were included in this prospective study. The following variables were recorded: preoperative IOP, nuclear colour, cortical lens opacity, posterior subcapsular lens opacity, patient age; and presence or absence of preexisting glaucoma.