Publications by authors named "Power G"

Rate of torque development (RTD) measures how rapidly one can generate torque and is crucial for balance and athletic performance. Fast RTD depends on the rapid recruitment of high threshold motor units (MUs). Cutaneous electrical stimulation has been shown to alter MU excitability, favoring high threshold MUs via reduced recruitment thresholds.

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The Lim Kinase (LIMK) family of serine/threonine kinases is comprised of LIMK1 and LIMK2, which are central regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics via their well-characterized roles in promoting actin polymerization and destabilizing the cellular microtubular network. The LIMKs have been demonstrated to modulate several fundamental physiological processes, including cell cycle progression, cell motility and migration, and cell differentiation. These processes play important roles in maintaining cardiovascular health.

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Introduction: The menopausal decline in ovarian estrogen production is thought to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease; however, this link requires further investigation. The chronological development of this connection is not well defined because of the lack of animal models that recapitulate the time course of menopause. This study characterized the cognitive and neuronal effects of the 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) model of ovarian failure in female mice and assessed whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would attenuate impairments.

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Residual force enhancement (rFE) and residual force depression (rFD) are history-dependent properties of muscle which refer to increased and decreased isometric force following a lengthening or shortening contraction, respectively. The history dependence of force is greater in older than in younger human adults when assessed at the joint level. However, it is unclear whether this amplification of the history dependence of force in old age is owing to cellular mechanisms or is a consequence of age-related remodelling of muscle architecture.

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  • Endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D) may be caused by stiffening of cell structures, possibly linked to polymerization of filamentous actin (F-actin) and its regulation by the protein cofilin.
  • Oxidative stress in endothelial cells from T2D patients and diabetic mice leads to increased F-actin and cell stiffness, with reactive oxygen species promoting F-actin formation and inactivating cofilin.
  • Genetic silencing or inhibiting LIM kinase 1, which inactivates cofilin, can decrease F-actin levels and reduce cell stiffness, suggesting a novel mechanism for endothelial stiffening in T2D.
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Background: Residual force enhancement (rFE), defined as increased isometric force following active lengthening compared to a fixed-end isometric contraction at the same muscle length and level of activation, is present across all scales of muscle. While rFE is always present at the cellular level, often rFE "non-responders" are observed during joint-level voluntary contractions.

Methods: We compared rFE between the joint level and single fiber level (vastus lateralis biopsies) in 16 young males.

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  • * A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis were conducted, analyzing existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these two drugs at Week 24.
  • * The results indicated no significant difference in hair regrowth effectiveness between ritlecitinib and baricitinib, but highlighted the need for more research due to uncertainty and effect modifications found in the analysis.
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The age-related loss of muscle mass is partly accounted for by the loss of sarcomeres in series, contributing to declines in muscle mechanical performance. Resistance training biased to eccentric contractions increases serial sarcomere number (SSN) in young muscle, however, maximal eccentric training in old rats previously did not alter SSN and worsened performance. A submaximal eccentric training stimulus may be more conducive to adaptation for aged muscle.

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The lining of blood vessels is constantly exposed to mechanical forces exerted by blood flow against the endothelium. Endothelial cells detect these tangential forces (i.e.

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  • * It examines various models of successful ageing, emphasizing common themes like social relationships, cognitive and physical health, disease prevention, and resilience, but notes that no consensus on a definition has been established.
  • * The article argues for a unified understanding of ageing well to help researchers and policymakers support diverse aging populations more effectively.
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Disordered eating and self-harm commonly co-occur in young people suggesting potential for shared underlying causes. Body image dissatisfaction (BID) has been recognised as a psychological correlate of body size, associated with both disordered eating and self-harm. However, the investigation into etiological pathways early in the lifecourse to provide detail on how body size and BID may foster disordered eating and self-harm remains largely unexplored.

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Intense exercise training with insufficient recovery time is associated with reductions in neuromuscular performance. However, it is unclear how single muscle fibre mechanical function and myofibrillar Ca sensitivity contribute to these impairments. We investigated the effects of overload training on joint-level neuromuscular performance and cellular-level mechanical function.

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Background: Older adults exhibit a slower recovery of muscle mass following disuse atrophy than young adults. At a smaller scale, muscle fibre cross-sectional area (i.e.

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Exercise training is recommended to improve the quality of life in those living with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the optimal prescription to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and disease-related motor symptoms remains unknown. Twenty-nine participants with PD were randomly allocated to either 10 wk of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) ( = 15; 6 female) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) ( = 14; 5 female). The primary outcome was the change in maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o).

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Purpose: We investigated the effect of an unsupervised, body mass- home-based resistance training program in older adults performed at either a fast or slow contractile speed on changes to muscle-power, -volume, -architecture, and fatigue resistance of the knee extensors.

Methods: Thirty-two male older adults (age 65-88 years) were separated into 1) fast-speed exercise (Fast-group), 2) slow-speed exercise (Slow-group), and 3) no exercise (Control-group) groups. Participants in the exercise groups performed 30-45 repetitions of knee-extension and sit-to-stand exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks with different exercise speed between the groups.

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Aging is associated with impaired strength and power during isometric and shortening contractions, however, during lengthening (i.e., eccentric) contractions, strength is maintained.

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Introduction: We aimed to investigate the neuromuscular contributions to enhanced fatigue resistance with carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion and to identify whether fatigue is associated with changes in interstitial glucose levels assessed using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM).

Methods: Twelve healthy participants (six males, six females) performed isokinetic single-leg knee extensions (90°·s -1 ) at 20% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque until MVC torque reached 60% of its initial value (i.e.

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At a given exercise intensity, blood flow restriction (BFR) reduces the volume of exercise required to impair post-exercise neuromuscular function. Compared to traditional exercise, the time course of recovery is less clear. After strenuous exercise, force output assessed with electrical muscle stimulation is impaired to a greater extent at low versus high stimulation frequencies, a condition known as prolonged low-frequency force depression (PLFFD).

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During aging, muscles undergo atrophy, which is partly accounted for by a loss of sarcomeres in series. Serial sarcomere number (SSN) is associated with aspects of muscle mechanical function including the force-length and force-velocity-power relationships; hence, the age-related loss of SSN contributes to declining performance. Training emphasizing eccentric contractions increases SSN in young healthy rodents; however, the ability for eccentric training to increase SSN in old age is unknown.

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The abrupt cessation of ovarian hormone release is associated with declines in muscle contractile function, yet the impact of gradual ovarian failure on muscle contractility across peri-, early- and late-stage menopause remains unclear. In this study, a 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-induced ovarian failure mouse model was used to examine time course changes in muscle mechanical function. Plantar flexors of female mice (VCD: n = 10; CON: n = 8) were assessed at 40 (early perimenopause), 80 (late perimenopause), 120 (menopause onset) and 176 (late menopause) days post-initial VCD injection.

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Implementing biosecurity protocols is necessary to reduce the spread of disease on dairy farms. In Ontario biosecurity implementation is variable among farms, and the barriers to implementing biosecurity are unknown. Thirty-five semistructured interviews were conducted between July 2022 and January 2023 with dairy producers (n = 17) and veterinarians (n = 18).

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  • * This experiment produced 2.05 MJ of laser energy, resulting in 3.1 MJ of total fusion yield, which exceeds the Lawson criterion for ignition, demonstrating a key milestone in fusion research.
  • * The report details the advancements in target design, laser technology, and experimental methods that contributed to this historic achievement, validating over five decades of research in laboratory fusion.
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Colombia has a tropical climate and environmental conditions that favour the circulation of most of the known vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Protocols have been established and implemented to address the threats of these diseases, but they are for country-wide use and do not take into consideration the nuances of the different environments of the country. Almost the entire population is vulnerable to infection with one or more VBD.

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Iron supplementation is routinely recommended for breast-milk-fed preterm infants. However, the Canadian Pediatric Society recommends no additional iron supplementation for preterm infants fed primarily with iron-rich formula. Other pediatric societies don't provide specific guidance on supplemental iron for formula-fed preterm infants.

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Article Synopsis
  • The review focuses on biosecurity practices in the Canadian dairy industry, highlighting their importance for farm safety and animal health.
  • Implementation varies between farms and countries, with Canadian producers facing unique challenges and perceptions due to the country's supply management system.
  • There’s a gap in views between producers and veterinarians regarding biosecurity, needing targeted education, research, and communication strategies to improve implementation.
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