Faster than expected: release of nitrogen and phosphorus from decomposing woody litter.

Deadwood represents globally important carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pools. Current wood nutrient dynamics models are extensions of those developed for leaf litter decomposition. However, tissue structure and dominant decomposers differ between leaf and woody litter, and recent evidence suggests that decomposer stoichiometry, in combination with litter quality, may affect nutrient release.

Targeted degradation of oncogenic KRASG12V triggers antitumor immunity in lung cancer models.

KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma, with G12C and G12V being the most predominant forms. Recent breakthroughs in KRASG12C inhibitors have transformed the clinical management of patients with G12C mutation and advanced our understanding of its function. However, little is known about the targeted disruption of KRASG12V, partly due to a lack of specific inhibitors.

Can Wearable Technology Help Guide Dieting Safety?

: The safety of dietary interventions is often unmonitored. Wearable technology can track elevations in resting heart rate (RHR), a marker of physiologic stress, which may provide safety information that is incremental to self-reported data. : A single subject was placed on an isocaloric diet for four weeks.

Correction: Seasonal Effects on Gene Expression.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Comparing Ultrasound- and Laparoscopic-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Blocks in Sleeve Gastrectomy Patients.

Introduction Obesity is a major disease process in the United States with increasing prevalence and is associated with various comorbid conditions. Bariatric surgery, particularly laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), is an effective weight loss intervention but presents challenges in postoperative pain management. This study compares the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (UTAP) blocks, laparoscopic-guided transversus abdominis plane (LTAP) blocks, and no regional anesthesia on overall opioid use and postoperative outcomes in LSG patients.

Women with Complex Vascular Anomalies: Impact on Contraception, Pregnancy and Reproductive Health.

Background: Literature is scarce regarding contraceptive and reproductive health in women with complex vascular anomalies (VA).

Objectives: To assess obstetrical, gynecological and reproductive health in this population.

Methods: Female adult patients of childbearing age from the VA clinic of a single tertiary care centre in Canada have been recruited by retrospective chart review, and administered phone interviews.

Pre-operative transcranial Doppler ultrasound assessment of cerebral collateral circulation in children undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or cardiac surgery.

Children requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) or cardiac surgery often undergo cervical cannulation or carotid artery clamping, which can interrupt cerebral circulation. Inadequate collateral flow through the circle of Willis (CoW) may lead to cerebral ischaemia within the vascular territory and/or watershed regions. Pre-cannulation survey of the CoW using transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound may be performed to predict and plan neuroprotection.

Factors Associated With Emergency Medical Clinicians Leaving EMS.

Objectives: Many United States (U.S.) communities face challenges with Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workforce turnover.

Not Just 9-1-1: The Expanded Work Environment of United States Emergency Medical Service Clinicians.

Introduction: Recently, there have been annual increases in emergency medical service (EMS) demand with concurrent clinician shortages. Understanding the diverse number of EMS clinicians available for emergent roles is vital for planning and resource management. Our study aims to understand the roles and environments of US EMS clinicians.

scPrediXcan integrates advances in deep learning and single-cell data into a powerful cell-type-specific transcriptome-wide association study framework.

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) help identify disease causing genes, but often fail to pinpoint disease mechanisms at the cellular level because of the limited sample sizes and sparsity of cell-type-specific expression data. Here we propose scPrediXcan which integrates state-of-the-art deep learning approaches that predict epigenetic features from DNA sequences with the canonical TWAS framework. Our prediction approach, ctPred, predicts cell-type-specific expression with high accuracy and captures complex gene regulatory grammar that linear models overlook.

Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria from Hospital Wastewater Pipes: Isolation, Characterisation, and Biofilm Control using Common Disinfectants.

Hospital wastewater systems have been identified as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with biofilms harbouring extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing microorganisms posing significant infection risk. This study focuses on the antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm control of ESBL-producing bacteria from wastewater pipes from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Ireland, which had experienced endemic infection outbreaks caused by ESBL-producing bacteria. Following isolation of ESBL-producers on selective agar antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined for a number of antibiotics assessed for their ability to form biofilms.

Postmating prezygotic isolation occurs at two levels of divergence in Drosophila recens and D. subquinaria.

Identifying the presence and strength of reproductive isolating barriers is necessary to understand how species form and then remain distinct in the face of ongoing gene flow. Here we study reproductive isolation at two stages of the speciation process in the closely related mushroom-feeding species Drosophila recens and D. subquinaria.

Understanding higher-order constructs of leadership and communication in EMS clinical judgment.

Background: For emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians, clinical judgment is a higher-order construct that encompasses the initial thought process (clinical reasoning) that assists clinicians in reaching conclusions (clinical decision making). Current theoretical frameworks of clinical judgment contain other higher order constructs (e.g.

DNA nanodevice for analysis of force-activated protein extension and interactions.

Force-induced changes in protein structure and function mediate cellular responses to mechanical stresses. Existing methods to study protein conformation under mechanical force are incompatible with biochemical and structural analysis. Taking advantage of DNA nanotechnology, including the well-defined geometry of DNA origami and programmable mechanics of DNA hairpins, we built a nanodevice to apply controlled forces to proteins.

Evaluating the Usefulness of the C-S-R Framework for Understanding AM Fungal Responses to Climate Change in Agroecosystems.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a key role in terrestrial ecosystems by forming symbiotic relationships with plants and may confer benefits for sustainable agriculture, by reducing reliance on harmful fertiliser and pesticide inputs and enhancing plant resilience against insect herbivores. Despite their ecological importance, critical gaps in understanding AM fungal ecology limit predictions of their responses to global change in agroecosystems. However, predicting climate change impacts on AM fungi is important for maintaining crop productivity and ecosystem stability.

Differences in Use of a Patient Portal Across Sociodemographic Groups: Observational Study of the NHS App in England.

Background: The adoption of patient portals, such as the National Health Service (NHS) App in England, may improve patient engagement in health care. However, concerns remain regarding differences across sociodemographic groups in the uptake and use of various patient portal features, which have not been fully explored. Understanding the use of various functions across diverse populations is essential to ensure any benefits are equally distributed across the population.

2018-2019 human seasonal H3N2 influenza A virus spillovers into swine with demonstrated virus transmission in pigs were not sustained in the pig population.

Human seasonal H3 clade 3C3a influenza A viruses (IAV) were detected four times in U.S. pigs from commercial swine farms in Michigan, Illinois, and Virginia in 2019.

Natural Panola Mountain Ehrlichia infections in cattle in a longitudinal study of Angus beef calves.

Panola Mountain Ehrlichia (PME) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, transmitted by Amblyomma americanum ticks in the southeastern United States. It is closely related to Ehrlichia ruminantium, the causative agent of heartwater disease. Heartwater disease is an often-fatal illness of ruminant livestock present in Africa and the Caribbean.

Relativistic Electrons from Vacuum Laser Acceleration Using Tightly Focused Radially Polarized Beams.

We generate a tabletop pulsed relativistic electron beam at 100 Hz repetition rate from vacuum laser acceleration by tightly focusing a radially polarized beam into a low-density gas. We demonstrate that strong longitudinal electric fields at the focus can accelerate electrons up to 1.43 MeV by using only 98 GW of peak laser power.