Effect of Coated Silver Nanoparticles on Cancerous vs. Healthy Cells.

Unique properties of silver nanoparticles (NPs) ensure their wide applications, in biomedicine; for this reason, it is very important carefully to study the toxicity of such NPs. The influence of silver nanoparticles coated with natural resin (Ag NPs) on the morphological and functional features of healthy BHK-21 and cancerous Hep-2 cells were studied using fluorescence microscopy, MTT, and neutral red assays. Ag NPs induced morphological changes in both cell cultures.

Structure-Morphology-Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activity Relationship in Silver-Containing Nanocomposites Based on Polylactide.

Green synthesis of silver-containing nanocomposites based on polylactide (PLA) was carried out in two ways. With the use of green tea extract, Ag ions were reduced to silver nanoparticles with their subsequent introduction into the PLA (mechanical method) and Ag ions were reduced in the polymer matrix of PLA-AgPalmitate (PLA-AgPalm) (in situ method). Structure, morphology and thermophysical properties of nanocomposites PLA-Ag were studied by FTIR spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods.

Antiviral Activity of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria of the Genera , and against Human Adenovirus Type 5.

: The use of antagonistic probiotic microorganisms and their byproducts represents a promising approach for the treatment of viral diseases. In the current work, the effect of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by lactic acid bacteria from different genera on the structural and functional characteristics of cells and the development of adenoviral infection in vitro was studied. Cytotoxicity of six EPSs of lactic acid bacteria of the genera Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay.

Anti-Adenoviral Activity of 2-(3-Chlorotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-4-Tosyl-5-(Perfluoropropyl)-1,2,3-Triazole.

A considerable increase in the levels of adenoviral diseases among both adults and children necessitate the development of effective methods for its prevention and treatment. The synthesis of the new fluorinated 1,2,3-triazoles, and the study of the mechanisms of their action, are promising for the development of efficient antiviral drugs of our time. Antiviral activity and cell cytotoxic effect of 2-(3-chlorotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-4-tosyl-5-(perfluoropropyl)-1,2,3-triazole (G29) were determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay.

Synthesis and Comparative Study of Anti-Adenoviral Activity of 6-Azacytidine and Its Analogues.

This paper presents the results of synthesis and study of cytotoxicity and the anti-adenoviral activity of new N4-derivatives of 6-azacytidine and its α-L-glycopyranosyl analogues obtained by the simplified one-pot version of the silyl condensation method. The resulting acylated 4-methylmercapto-1,2,4-triazin-3(2Н)-one glycosides then underwent the amination and/or ammonolysis to provide 6-azacytidine glycoside analogues (2-6, 12, 15, 17) and compounds with modifications at both base and sugar fragments (11, 15). The evaluation of cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of new compounds against AdV5 showed high selectivity indexes for N4-methyl-6-azacytidine (2) and N,O-tetraacetyl-6-azacytidine (8).

Study of adenovirus reproduction in different lymphoblastoid cell lines.

The comparative characteristic of the reproduction of adenovirus serotypes 2 and 5 (HAdV-C2 and -C5) in the various lymphoblastoid cell lines were studied. Rapid formation of infectious viruses in Raji, MP-1, Namalwa, BJAB, MT4 and Jurkat cells was marked and it was found to be close to the level of viruses during reproduction in permissive Hep-2 epithelial cells. Yield of infective adenovirus was low in B95-8 cells, which were chronically infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

[Modelling of the adeno-herpetic infection in lymphoblastoid cell cultures].

Viral infections take the key place in medical practice. A large group of diseases are caused by adenoviral and herpes infection. As a rule, the investigations carried out in scientific laboratories are directed to the study of certain aspects of the interaction between the virus and the cell on the model of single infection.

Elaboration of optical immunosensors based on the surface plasmon resonance for detecting specific antibodies and antigens of Epstein-Barr virus and human adenovirus.

The study of antigen-antibody interaction on the model of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and second type adenovirus (Ad2) based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was carried out. Kinetic and concentration dependences between virus antigens and specific antisera to them at different pH were determined. Experimental samples of biosensors for the detection by SPR method of virus (EBV and Ad2) antigens using monospecific antibodies, immobilized on the surface of gold, and also for detection of specific antibodies in the blood sera of patients with EBV or adenovirus infection were elaborated

Structure--antiadenoviral activity of nitrogen containing macroheterocycles and their analogues.

The search for the inhibitors of adenoviruses has been performed among the substances of new class NCM (nitrogen containing macroheterocycles) and their analogues that have high potential of pharmacological properties. We have found a number of NCM and their derivatives that inhibit the reproduction of adenoviruses to various degrees. For the prediction of NCM structure with antiadenoviral activity we have performed the computer modeling using QSAR approach on the basis of simplex representation of molecular structure (SiRMS).

Effect of 6-azacytidine on the course of experimental adenoviral infection in newborn Syrian hamsters.

Adenoviral infection is a serious human pathology leading to respiratory, gastrointestinal and ocular disorders and epidemic outbreaks, especially in children's groups. Here we present the results from an investigation of anti- adenoviral effect of 6-azacytidine (6-AC) both in vitro and in vivo. The selectivity index of 6-AC for adenovirus type 5 in HEp-2 cells was 374, the 50% effective concentration was 0.

[Functional activity of lymphoblastoid cells infected by human adenovirus type 2 and Epstein-Barr virus].

The paper deals with the influence of the adenovirus (Ad) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) on functional activity of lymphocytes, in particular, the production of alpha- and gamma-interferons, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in conditions of mono- or double infection of B- and T-phenotype (CEM) lymphoblastoid cells. It is shown, that Ad, EBV or both viruses induce high enough levels of interferon on both lines of cells and in control epithelial cells. The lymphoblastoid cells infected by viruses deep ability to synthesize alpha- and gamma-interferons under the influence of the corresponding inducers (Newcastle disease virus and hemagglutinine).

6-azacytidine--compound with wide spectrum of antiviral activity.

6-azacytidine demonstrates activity against adenoviruses types 1, 2, 5. It inhibit synthesis of viral DNA and proteins. 6-AC shows antiherpetic and antiinfluenza action during experimental infection in mice.

N4-amino-acid derivatives of 6-azacytidine: structure-activity relationship.

Several N4-derivatives of 6-azacytidine were synthesized using of Vorbrüggen's condensation method. Their antiviral activity with respect to the adenovirus serotypes 2 and 5 in Hep-2 cells culture was studied and primary specific activity was determined. Correlation between chemical structure of new 6-azacytidine derivatives and their biological properties is discussed.

[The viral genome status studied under the conditions of a mixed infection in lymphoblastoid cells by adenovirus and the Epstein-Barr virus].

Some indices have been studied which characterized the state of Epstein-Barr virus genome and adenovirus in the implanted lines of lymphoblastoid cells of B and T phenotype under the mixed or monoinfection. It has been shown that super infection by type 2 adenovirus rather sharply affects the state of Epstein-Barr virus genome in the Raji cells containing integrated Epstein-Barr virus genome. The state of adenovirus genome in the studied cells is less subject to changes.

[The reproductive characteristics of human adenovirus type 2 in cultures of lymphoblastoid cells with B and T phenotypes].

A comparative characteristic of the reproduction process of type 2 human adenovirus in several lines of lymphoblastoid cells of B- and T-phenotype is presented. Formation of hexone and infectious virus in the cells of Jurkat, MT4, Raji lines was rather intensive and approached to that in the culture of the permissive epithelium cells Hep-2. These indices were much lower in the cultures of cells B 95-8 and MT4/BIII LBK which were chronically infected by VEB and HIV, accordingly and produced them that can evidence for the interference of Ad and VEB or Ad and HIV under superinfection of cells.

[Biological effects accompanying the microinjection of adenovirions, adenoviral and plasmid DNA into mammalian cells].

Microinjection of either type 1 human adenovirus, type SA7 monkey adenovirus virions or circular adenovirus DNA, obtained by the treatment of DNA-terminal protein complexes with glutaraldehyde, into nuclei of permissive cells results in the complete cycle of virus reproduction. Microinjection of neither linear native, condensed adenovirus DNA nor the DNA-terminal protein complexes under the same conditions initiates the adenovirus reproduction thought the synthesis of early and some late viral antigens is observed in the injected cells. Integration of injected adenovirus DNA into the cellular DNA occurs as far as 30 min after injection.

[Detection of the biological activity of SV40 virus DNA after injection into the nuclei of simian cells].

EV40 DNA closed superhelical form was introduced into cell nuclei by means of direct microinjection and expression of the viral genome followed. The expression of viral T-antigen was observed 40 hours after the injection, and SV40-specific effect developed on the fifth day. Using the method discussed, the infection dose of SV40 DNA in a permissive cell culture system was shown to be approximately one molecule per cell nucleus.