In Vivo Three-Dimensional Raster Scan Optoacoustic Mesoscopy Using Frequency Domain Inversion.

Optoacoustic signals are typically reconstructed into images using inversion algorithms applied in the time-domain. However, time-domain reconstructions can be computationally intensive and therefore slow when large amounts of raw data are collected from an optoacoustic scan. Here we considered a fast weighted ω-k (FWOK) algorithm operating in the frequency domain to accelerate the inversion in raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM), while seamlessly incorporating impulse response correction with minimum computational burden.

Deep Learning-Based Spectral Unmixing for Optoacoustic Imaging of Tissue Oxygen Saturation.

Label free imaging of oxygenation distribution in tissues is highly desired in numerous biomedical applications, but is still elusive, in particular in sub-epidermal measurements. Eigenspectra multispectral optoacoustic tomography (eMSOT) and its Bayesian-based implementation have been introduced to offer accurate label-free blood oxygen saturation (sO) maps in tissues. The method uses the eigenspectra model of light fluence in tissue to account for the spectral changes due to the wavelength dependent attenuation of light with tissue depth.

Skin Surface Detection in 3D Optoacoustic Mesoscopy Based on Dynamic Programming.

Optoacoustic (photoacoustic) mesoscopy offers unique capabilities in skin imaging and resolves skin features associated with detection, diagnosis, and management of disease. A critical first step in the quantitative analysis of clinical optoacoustic images is to identify the skin surface in a rapid, reliable, and automated manner. Nevertheless, most common edge- and surface-detection algorithms cannot reliably detect the skin surface on 3D raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) images, due to discontinuities and diffuse interfaces in the image.

Fully automated identification of skin morphology in raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy using artificial intelligence.

Purpose: Identification of morphological characteristics of skin lesions is of vital importance in diagnosing diseases with dermatological manifestations. This task is often performed manually or in an automated way based on intensity level. Recently, ultra-broadband raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy (UWB-RSOM) was developed to offer unique cross-sectional optical imaging of the skin.

Detection of intramyocardially injected DiR-labeled mesenchymal stem cells by optical and optoacoustic tomography.

The distribution of intramyocardially injected rabbit MSCs, labeled with the near-infrared dye 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbo-cyanine-iodide (DiR) using hybrid Fluorescence Molecular Tomography-X-ray Computed Tomography (FMT-XCT) and Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT) imaging technologies, was investigated. Viability and induction of apoptosis of DiR labeled MSCs were assessed by XTT- and Caspase-3/-7-testing . 2 × 10, 2 × 10 and 2 × 10 MSCs labeled with 5 and 10 μg DiR/ml were injected into fresh frozen rabbit hearts.

Fluorescence molecular tomography of DiR-labeled mesenchymal stem cell implants for osteochondral defect repair in rabbit knees.

Objectives: To assess labelling efficiency of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using the near-infrared dye 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR) and detection of labelled MSCs for osteochondral defect repair in a rabbit model using fluorescence molecular tomography-X-ray computed tomography (FMT-XCT).

Methods: MSCs were isolated from New Zealand White rabbits and labelled with DiR (1.25-20 μg/mL).

Fast Fourier backprojection for frequency-domain optoacoustic tomography.

We present a time-efficient backprojection image reconstruction approach applied to frequency-domain (FD) optoacoustic tomography based on tissue illumination at multiple, discrete frequencies. The presented method estimates the Fourier transform of a spatial, circular profile of the underlying image using the amplitude and phase data. These data are collected over multiple frequencies using an acoustic transducer positioned at several locations around the sample.

An Inversion Scheme for Hybrid Fluorescence Molecular Tomography Using a Fuzzy Inference System.

The imaging performance of fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) improves when information from the underlying anatomy is incorporated into the inversion scheme, in the form of priors. The requirement for incorporation of priors has recently driven the development of hybrid FMT systems coupled to other modalities, such as X-ray CT and MRI. A critical methodological aspect in this modality relates to the particular method selected to incorporate prior information obtained from the anatomical imaging modality into the FMT inversion.

Early recognition of lung cancer by integrin targeted imaging in K-ras mouse model.

Non-small cell lung cancer is characterized by slow progression and high heterogeneity of tumors. Integrins play an important role in lung cancer development and metastasis and were suggested as a tumor marker; however their role in anticancer therapy remains controversial. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of integrin-targeted imaging to recognize early lesions in transgenic mouse model of lung cancer based on spontaneous introduction of mutated human gene bearing K-ras mutation.

Frequency domain optoacoustic tomography using amplitude and phase.

We introduce optoacoustic tomographic imaging using intensity modulated light sources and collecting amplitude and phase information in the frequency domain. Imaging is performed at multiple modulation frequencies. The forward modeling uses the Green's function solution to the pressure wave equation in frequency domain and the resulting inverse problem is solved using regularized least squares minimization.

Fluorescence-aided tomographic imaging of synovitis in the human finger.

Purpose: To propose and evaluate indocyanine green (ICG)-enhanced tomographic optical imaging for detection and characterization of synovitis in affected finger joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and differentiation from healthy joints in comparison to 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Materials And Methods: This prospective pilot study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Six arthritic proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints in six patients (five women and one man; mean age ± standard deviation, 62.

Limited-projection-angle hybrid fluorescence molecular tomography of multiple molecules.

An advantage of fluorescence methods over other imaging modalities is the ability to concurrently resolve multiple moieties using fluorochromes emitting at different spectral regions. Simultaneous imaging of spectrally separated agents is helpful in interrogating multiple functions or establishing internal controls for accurate measurements. Herein, we investigated multimoiety imaging in the context of a limited-projection-angle hybrid fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT), and x-ray computed tomography implementation and the further registration with positron emission tomography (PET) data.

FMT-PCCT: hybrid fluorescence molecular tomography-x-ray phase-contrast CT imaging of mouse models.

The implementation of hybrid fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be a necessary development, not only for combining anatomical with functional and molecular contrast, but also for generating optical images of high accuracy. FMT affords highly sensitive 3-D imaging of fluorescence bio-distribution, but in stand-alone form it offers images of low resolution. It was shown that FMT accuracy significantly improves by considering anatomical priors from CT.

Multimodal molecular imaging of integrin αvβ3 for in vivo detection of pancreatic cancer.

Unlabelled: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease. Late detection of then nonresectable or metastasized tumors emphasizes the need for novel imaging approaches. Here, we report on so far nonexploited potentials of αvβ3 integrin-targeted molecular imaging technologies for detection of PDAC using genetically engineered mouse models.

Spatiotemporal analysis for indocyanine green-aided imaging of rheumatoid arthritis in hand joints.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory joint disease, with a prevalence of 0.5 to 1% in the general population. Imaging can possibly aid in early diagnosis, crucial to effective personalized therapeutic strategies and treatment follow-up.

Compression of Born ratio for fluorescence molecular tomography/x-ray computed tomography hybrid imaging: methodology and in vivo validation.

The 360° rotation geometry of the hybrid fluorescence molecular tomography/x-ray computed tomography modality allows for acquisition of very large datasets, which pose numerical limitations on the reconstruction. We propose a compression method that takes advantage of the correlation of the Born-normalized signal among sources in spatially formed clusters to reduce the size of system model. The proposed method has been validated using an ex vivo study and an in vivo study of a nude mouse with a subcutaneous 4T1 tumor, with and without inclusion of a priori anatomical information.

Ex-vivo assessment and non-invasive in vivo imaging of internal hemorrhages in Aga2/+ mutant mice.

Mutations in type I collagen genes (COL1A1/2) typically lead to Osteogenesis imperfecta, the most common heritable cause of skeletal fractures and bone deformation in humans. Heterozygous Col1a1(Aga2/+), animals with a dominant mutation in the terminal C-propeptide domain of type I collagen develop typical skeletal hallmarks and internal hemorrhages starting from 6 day after birth. The disease progression for Aga2/+ mice, however, is not uniform differing between severe phenotype lethal at the 6-11th day of life, and moderate-to-severe one with survival to adulthood.

Compensation of optical heterogeneity-induced artifacts in fluorescence molecular tomography: theory and in vivo validation.

We present a method for reduction of image artifacts induced by the optical heterogeneities of tissue in fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) through identification and compensation of image regions that evidence propagation of emission light through thin or low-absorption tunnels in tissue. The light tunneled as such contributes to the emission image as spurious components that might substantially overwhelm the desirable fluorescence emanating from the targeted lesions. The proposed method makes use of the strong spatial correlation between the emission and excitation images to estimate the tunneled components and yield a residual image that mainly consists of the signal due to the desirable fluorescence.

Object localization in the presence of a strong heterogeneous background in fluorescent tomography.

We propose a method for object localization in fluorescent tomography (FT) in the presence of a highly heterogeneous background. Existing approaches typically assume a homogeneous background distribution; thus, they are incapable of accurately accounting for the more general case of an unconstrained, possibly heterogeneous, background. The proposed method iteratively solves the inverse problem over a solution space partitioned into a background subspace and an object subspace to simultaneously estimate the background and localize the target fluorescent objects.

Optimal sparse solution for fluorescent diffuse optical tomography: theory and phantom experimental results.

We present a method to accurately localize small fluorescent objects within the tissue using fluorescent diffuse optical tomography (FDOT). The proposed method exploits the localized or sparse nature of the fluorophores in the tissue as a priori information to considerably improve the accuracy of the reconstruction of fluorophore distribution. This is accomplished by minimizing a cost function that includes the L1 norm of the fluorophore distribution vector.