Real-time ultrasound-computed tomography image fusion for transforaminal lumbar approach: a lumbosacral spine phantoms study.

Purpose: Ultrasound (US) is increasingly used for transforaminal approaches. We evaluated whether fusing computed tomography (CT) images with dynamic US could be based on bony and surface landmarks in two phantom models.

Methods: Recordings were performed in a gelatin-based sonographic phantom and in a computerized imaging reference system training phantom.