Cancer-associated fibroblast spatial heterogeneity and expression in the tumor microenvironment modulate TGF-β activity and CD8 T-cell infiltration in breast cancer.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) and its multifaceted interactions with cancer cells are major targets for cancer treatment. Single-cell technologies have brought major insights into the TME, but the resulting complexity often precludes conclusions on function. We combined single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic data to explore the relationship between different cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) populations and immune cell exclusion in breast tumors.

Inferring ligand-receptor cellular networks from bulk and spatial transcriptomic datasets with BulkSignalR.

The study of cellular networks mediated by ligand-receptor interactions has attracted much attention recently owing to single-cell omics. However, rich collections of bulk data accompanied with clinical information exists and continue to be generated with no equivalent in single-cell so far. In parallel, spatial transcriptomic (ST) analyses represent a revolutionary tool in biology.

The landscape of cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Patients with colorectal cancer die mainly due to liver metastases (CRC-LM). Although the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in tumor development and therapeutic response, our understanding of the individual TME components, especially cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), remains limited. We analyzed CRC-LM CAFs and cancer cells by single-cell transcriptomics and used bioinformatics for data analysis and integration with related available single-cell and bulk transcriptomic datasets.

Fibroblast-derived prolargin is a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are important constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are major drivers of tumorigenesis. Yet, therapies aiming at eliminating CAF have failed to cure patients. This setback has raised questions regarding whether CAF exclusively favour cancer progression, or if they may also assume tumor-suppressor functions.

Detection of soluble biomarkers of pancreatic cancer in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration samples.

Background: Biomarkers are urgently needed for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the cornerstone for diagnosing PDAC. We developed a method for discovery of PDAC biomarkers using the discarded EUS-FNA liquid.

Identification of a regulatory Vδ1 gamma delta T cell subpopulation expressing CD73 in human breast cancer.

γδ T cells contribute to the immune response against many cancers, notably through their powerful effector functions that lead to the elimination of tumor cells and the recruitment of other immune cells. However, their presence in the tumor microenvironment has been associated with poor prognosis in breast, colon, and pancreatic cancer, suggesting that γδ T cells may also display pro-tumor activities. Here, we identified in blood from healthy donors a subpopulation of Vδ1T cells that represents around 20% of the whole Vδ1 population, expresses CD73, and displays immunosuppressive phenotype and functions (i.

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor enhances bone fracture healing.

Background: Circulating mesenchymal stem cells contribute to bone repair. Their incorporation in fracture callus is correlated to their bioavailability. In addition, Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor induces the release of vascular and mesenchymal progenitors.

Ovarian carcinoma patient derived xenografts reproduce their tumor of origin and preserve an oligoclonal structure.

Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) patients frequently relapse by 24 months and develop resistant disease. Research on EOC therapies relies on cancer cell lines established decades ago making Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX) attractive models, because they are faithful representations of the original tumor. We established 35 ovarian cancer PDXs resulting from the original graft of 77 EOC samples onto immuno-compromised mice.

Influence of cyclic bending loading on in vivo skeletal tissue regeneration from periosteal origin.

Introduction: Periosteum osteogenic and chondrogenic properties stimulate the proliferation then differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells originating from its deeper layers and from neighboring host tissues. The local mechanical environment plays a role in regulating this differentiation of cells into lineages involved in the skeletal regeneration process.

Hypothesis: The aim of this experimental animal study is to explore the influence of cyclic high amplitude bending-loading on skeletal tissue regeneration.

Use of collagen wrap from bovine origin for the management of colic perforation. Preliminary study in a pig model.

Introduction: The prevention or the management of digestive fistulae may be performed by using an external wrap of collagen of animal origin. To evaluate this treatment, an experimental study creating a hole in the colon of pig covered by a resorbable collagen belt was performed. Results are very interesting and collagen wrap is very well tolerated by the colon wall.

A preliminary report on the effect of dimeric rhGDF-5 and its monomeric form rhGDF-5C465A on bone healing of rat cranial defects.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy on rat skull defects of two bone growth factors derived from the GDF-5 family.

Material And Methods: The study was conducted on 17 adult Wistar rats. On each animal, two symmetrical 6-mm wide, full-thickness, skull defects were carried out in the parietal regions.

[Positive sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer: is axillary surgery necessary in all cases?].

Our retrospective study analyzes various factors to evaluate the risk of invasion of the not sentinel node when the sentinel node biopsy is positive in the infiltrated breast cancers. We compared in single varied then multivaried analysis, various parameters between two groups: positive not sentinel nodes and negative not sentinel nodes among 180 cases of positive sentinel node biopsy between 2001 and 2004. At the time of the single varied analysis, seem to be risk factors of non sentinel node involvement: the histopronostic SBRIII rank, positive a HER2neu status, the presence of extracapsulal node extension and infiltration of the sentinel node by a macrometastasis.

Is collagen a good banding material for outlet control of vertical gastroplasty? Preliminary study in pigs.

Background: To maintain the long-term effects of a gastric bariatric operation, bands are often placed to control the restriction. Erosion into the gastric wall by these devices remains a problem. A soft resiliant prosthesis of animal origin, constituted by a network of non-absorbable collagen fibres, may be a solution to this problem.

The anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor: insights into the binding domains recognized by a monoclonal antibody and the natural ligand.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) [also called Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS)] is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta family. AMH and its type II receptor (AMHR-II) are involved in the regression of the Müllerian ducts in the male embryo, and in gonadal functions in the adult. AMH is also known to be a marker of granulosa and Sertoli cell tumours.

Targeting of human breast cancer by a bispecific antibody directed against two tumour-associated antigens: ErbB-2 and carcinoembryonic antigen.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and ErbB-2 are expressed in about 50 and 30% of breast cancers, respectively. We hypothesised that targeting of these two antigens by a bispecific antibody (BAb) might provide efficient tumour uptake and prolonged tumour residence time. In the present study, we first studied the expression of CEA and ErbB-2 on primary breast tumours screened by immunohistochemistry.

Intraoperative immunophotodetection for radical resection of cancers: evaluation in an experimental model.

The aim of our study was to assess the technique of immunophotodetection (IPD) in intraoperative situations in an experimental model and to determine its capacity to detect very small tumor masses. IPD is a recent technology involving fluorescent dye-labeled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against tumor-associated antigens. Up to now, no intraoperative device for IPD has been developed, and limits of detection of the technique are unknown.

Resorption kinetics of eggshell: an in vivo study.

Eggshell has been recently introduced as a bone substitute candidate in reconstructive surgery. The aim of this experimental study study was to determine its degradation rate in both a skeletal and extraskeletal site. In experiment 1, eggshell particles with four different sizes (50, 75, 150, and 300 microns in diameter) were implanted in subcutaneous pouches of 30 rats.

Comparative study of three different membranes for guided bone regeneration of rat cranial defects.

The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of a non-resorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane (Gore-Tex) versus a resorbable polyglactin membrane (Vicryl) and a newly designed collagenic membrane for enhancing bone regeneration on rat skull defects. The study was conducted on 30 adult Wistar rats. On each animal, two symmetrical, 6 mm wide, full-thickness, skull defects were created in the parietal regions.

The effect of pentosan polysulphate on bone healing of rat cranial defects.

The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of pentosan polysulphate, used in combination with guided bone regeneration on rat skull defects. The study was conducted on 45 adult Wistar rats. On each animal two symmetrical 6 mm wide, full-thickness, skull defects were created in the parietal regions.

Comparison of pericranium and eggshell as space fillers used in combination with guided bone regeneration: an experimental study.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the potential adjunctive role of 2 space fillers, used in combination with guided tissue regeneration, on bone regeneration in rat skull defects.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted on 45 adult Wistar rats. A bilateral 6-mm-wide full-thickness skull defect was created in the parietal region of each animal.

Involvement of circulating CEA in liver metastases from colorectal cancers re-examined in a new experimental model.

Both experimental and clinical data show evidence of a correlation between elevated blood levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the development of liver metastases from colorectal carcinomas. However, a cause-effect relationship between these two observations has not been demonstrated. For this reason, we developed a new experimental model to evaluate the possible role of circulating CEA in the facilitation of liver metastases.

[Cancer of the breast: the return of lymphoscintigraphy?].

Lymphoscintigraphy, after arousing great hope in the past in the field of breast cancer, has now been abandoned. The inability of this examination to predict the metastatic status of the nodes, and progress in therapeutic concepts have led to abandoning this technique. However, certain problems encountered by regional irradiation programmes and the work concerning sentinel node detection may bring this technique back into the spotlight.

Experimental assessment of the risk of tumor recurrence after laparoscopic surgery.

Background: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the risk of tumor recurrence after laparoscopic cecal resection (LCR) of colonic carcinoma in the rat.

Methods: The experimental cancer consisted of one million cells (DHK/K12), incorporated in an extracellular matrix, placed and secured to the cecal serosa in 110 BD9 rats. Four weeks later, all animals were reoperated through a laparotomy to control tumor growth, and animals with diffuse carcinomatosis were excluded.

Powdered eggshell: a pilot study on a new bone substitute for use in maxillofacial surgery.

The present study is a preliminary report on the use of hen's eggshell as a possible bone substitute. In the first part of the study, particles ranging from 400 microns to 600 microns in diameter were bioassayed in an intramuscular pouch in rodents. This material was found to be biocompatible, but appeared not to have osteoinductive capacities.