Complications of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine as an early warning sign of inborn errors of immunity: a report of 197 patients.

Background: According to the WHO's recommendation for developing countries, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has been implemented in some countries as part of national vaccination programs at birth. Although it is generally considered safe, some complications may occur; including BCGitis (local) or BCGosis (systemic), ranging from mild like local abscesses to fatal impediments like osteomyelitis and disseminated BCG infection. This study aimed to determine the spectrum of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in BCG-vaccinated neonates experiencing local or systemic complications.

Effect of Air Pollutants and Environmental Noise on the Childhood Asthma Prevalence in Tehran, Iran.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of air pollutants and noise on the prevalence of childhood asthma in Tehran, Iran. The standardized questionnaire was completed by one of the parents of children aged 6-7 years or by adolescents aged 13-14 years. The asthma prevalence in ages 6-7 and 13-14 was found to be 8.

Cycle Threshold Values Predict COVID-19 Severity and Mortality but Are not Correlated with Laboratory Markers.

Many studies have evaluated the possible utility of cycle threshold (Ct) values as a predictor of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and patient outcome. Given the inconsistent results, we aimed to evaluate the association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Ct values and disease severity, inflammatory markers, and outcomes in Iranian patients with COVID-19. A retrospective study of 528 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized from September 2020 to October 2021 was conducted.

Antibody Production after COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity.

Background: Few studies have evaluated COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI).

Objective: To evaluate the levels of antibody (Ab) production and function after COVID-19 vaccination in IEI patients with phagocytic, complement, and Ab deficiencies and their comparison with healthy controls.

Methods: Serum samples were collected from 41 patients and 32 healthy controls at least one month after the second dose of vaccination, while clinical evaluations continued until the end of the third dose.

The Risk of the Next Child Getting Affected by Chronic Granulomatous Disease in Families with at Least One Autosomal Recessive CGD Child.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder more common in autosomal recessive (AR) than X-linked in Iran. This study aimed to assess whether having a child with AR-CGD would increase the likelihood of the next child being affected by CGD. Ninety-one families with at least one child affected by AR-CGD entered this study.

Confirmation of Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome in Two Patients with an Ocular Problem: Detection of Two New DOCK8 Mutations.

Early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies is crucial for timely treatment and preventing unwanted complications. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and detailed clinical and immunological evaluation can help early detect such disorders. This study aimed to confirm the diagnosis of two cases of autosomal recessive hyper-immunoglobulin E (IgE) syndrome (AR-HIES), presenting with irreversible eye involvement.

Human Neutrophil Antigen Genotype and Allele Frequencies in Iranian Blood Donors.

Objective: Human neutrophil antigens (HNAs) can be targeted by HNA-allo antibodies and cause a variety of clinical conditions such as transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) and neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAIN). The current study is aimed at identifying the genotype and allele frequencies of HNAs in Iranian blood donors.

Methods: A total of 150 blood samples were obtained from healthy blood donors.

Immunological effects of convalescent plasma therapy for coronavirus: a scoping review.

Background: Preliminary studies revealed the safety and effectiveness of convalescent plasma (CP) therapy for patients with coronavirus. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and summarize the available evidence on CP therapy, identify the research gap regarding the immunological response to CP therapy and pave the road for future studies.

Methods: This study was conducted according to the Hilary Arksey and Lisa O'Malley framework.

Identification of Antibodies against Neutrophil Surface Antigens in Two Iranian Patients with Autoimmune Neutropenia.

Autoimmune neutropenia is a type of immune-mediated neutropenia, caused by antibody-induced neutrophil destruction. Here we report two cases (3-year-old boy and 9-year-old girl) with suspected autoimmune neutropenia. The presence of neutrophil antibodies in sera of these patients was investigated using standard neutrophil antibody screening tests such as granulocyte immunofluorescence test (GIFT), granulocyte agglutination test (GAT), and lymphocyte immunofluorescence test (LIFT).

Exposure to road noise and asthma prevalence in adults.

Noise has been reported as one of the most important risk factors for asthma, but there are some disagreements. This study aimed to investigate the effect of road noise on asthma prevalence in adults. In the current study, 3172 adults were interviewed through the ECRHS standardized questionnaire in Tehran, the capital of Iran.

Meatal Stenosis and Atopic Condition: A Pilot Study Demonstrating a Possible Unidentified Etiology.

Meatal stenosis (MS) is known as one of the most frequent complications of circumcision. In the present study, we aimed to find any possible relationship between MS and allergic disorders. A total of 36 children with a mean±SD age of 5.

A Pilot Study on Controlling Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Inflammation Using Melatonin Supplement.

No effective antiviral drugs and vaccines are available for the treatment of patients with severe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, available, safe, and inexpensive drugs and supplements such as melatonin are among the proposed options for controlling inflammation. We did a randomized, single-blind study in Imam Khomeini Hospital between June 30, 2020, and August 5, 2020.

Investigating the Variation of TREC/KREC in Combined Immunodeficiencies.

T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC)/Kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KREC) assay has been recently recognized for detecting patients with primary (T- and/or B-cell) immunodeficiency (PID). We aimed to investigate the alterations of these biomarkers in some combined immunodeficiency patients compared to the healthy controls in different age groups. TREC and KREC were assessed in a total of 82 PID patients, most of them with exact genetic diagnosis (3 months to 42 years); using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Investigating the relationship between particulate matter and inflammatory biomarkers of exhaled breath condensate and blood in healthy young adults.

Inflammatory biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are measured to estimate the effects of air pollution on humans. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between particulate matter and inflammatory biomarkers in blood plasma and exhaled air in young adults. The obtained results were compared in two periods; i.

The Critical Role of Prenatal Genetic Study in Prevention of Primary Immunodeficiency in High-risk Families: The Largest Report of 107 Cases.

This study aims to investigate the role of prenatal diagnosis (PND) in Iranian couples with a previous history of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD) in their family. All referred couples with a family history of PIDD and a tendency for PND were included in this project. Based on gestational age, chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed to analyze the molecular defect of the fetus according to the previous gene defect of the affected case in the family.

The most common allergens according to skin prick test: The role of wheal diameter in clinical relevancy.

The skin prick test (SPT) could be applied as a useful in vivo method for the detection of sensitization in epidemiological and diagnostic studies if the wheal size is ideally evaluated. We focused on SPT wheal size to identify sensitization pattern to common inhalant and food allergens. In this cross-sectional study, SPT results were obtained from a total of 972 allergic patients.