Rescue Decompressive Craniectomy in Children with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is considered a rescue therapy in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with increased intracranial pressure (ICP). In this retrospective study, we examined the impact of craniectomy on ICP in children with severe TBI and their neurological outcome. A total of 14 patients were enrolled.

Effectiveness of 7.5% hypertonic saline in children with severe traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: Hyperosmolar therapies aim at controlling increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 7.5% hypertonic saline (HTS) on ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in children with severe TBI.

Influence of temperature, water activity and pH on growth of some xerophilic fungi.

The combined effects of water activity (aw), pH and temperature on the germination and growth of seven xerophilic fungi important in the spoilage of baked goods and confectionery were examined. Eurotium rubrum, E. repens, Wallemia sebi, Aspergillus penicillioides, Penicillium roqueforti, Chrysosporium xerophilum and Xeromyces bisporus were grown at 25, 30 and 37 degrees C on media with pH values of 4.

The boundary for growth of Zygosaccharomyces bailii in acidified products described by models for time to growth and probability of growth.

Models to predict days to growth and probability of growth of Zygosaccharomyces bailii in high-acid foods were developed, and the equations are presented here. The models were constructed from measurements of growth of Z. bailii using automated turbidimetry over a 29-day period at various pH, NaCl, fructose, and acetic acid levels.

The mechanical properties of equine third metacarpals as affected by age.

Twenty-five pairs of equine third metacarpals (McIII) were collected from horses of varying breeds and ranging in age from 1 d to 27 yr. Standard three-point bending tests were performed on the McIII to obtain comparative data on breaking load (BL), breaking strength (BS), and elasticity (E). Broken bones were reassembled and 2-cm sections cut from the bone 1 cm below the nutrient foramen and at the site of the break.

Vascular characteristics of the cartilage and subchondral bone of the distal radial epiphysis of the young foal.

The vascular features of the distal epiphysis of the radius of 27 foals aged from 3 weeks premature to 120 days postpartum were determined. The limbs were perfused with barium, and the distal radius was sawn into sagittal slabs which were decalcified, cut into thin slices and radiographed. More arteries approached areas of thick cartilage than thin cartilage.

Radiologic evaluation of the horse relevant to purchase.

Adequate radiographic evaluation of the horse relevant to purchase examination requires the successful integration of technique, interpretation, and reporting. A thorough knowledge of lameness and disease can be masked by incorrect interpretation resulting from poor-quality films or an incomplete examination. Thus, care must be taken to produce an adequate number of high-quality films on which to base a report, which allows you to describe changes that are present.

Osteomyelitis of the axial border of the proximal sesamoid bones in seven horses.

Destructive lesions of the axial region of the proximal sesamoid bones were identified by radiography in eight fetlocks and seven lame adult horses. Lameness ranged from 2 to 5 (mean 4; scale 1 to 5) at the time of examination, with a duration of 10 days to two years (mean 5.6 months).

Pharmacokinetics and synovial fluid concentrations of cephapirin in calves with suppurative arthritis.

Six calves with suppurative arthritis were given a single IM injection of sodium cephapirin at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight. Cephapirin concentrations were serially measured in serum and in normal and suppurative synovial fluid over a 24-hour period. Mean peak serum concentration was 6.

A surgeon defends himself in a malpractice trial.

The author presents a case of disc escape without strut fracture in a Bjork-Shiley tilting-disc aortic valve. Two years after the patient's death, the surgeon, the valve company, the hospital, and others were sued. The surgeon, a first-year law student, represented himself, pro se, at trial.

Vacuum phenomenon in the metatarsophalangeal joint of a horse.

Vacuum phenomenon was induced inadvertently during radiographic examination of a metatarsophalangeal joint of a lame horse. The phenomenon was recreated in a sound horse when a metacarpophalangeal joint was radiographed in a stress-flexed position. Distraction of apposing articular surfaces may induce the vacuum phenomenon, which could result in misdiagnosis of an osteochondral defect or fracture.

Kinematic analysis of the instant centers of rotation of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint.

A kinematic analysis of the instant centers of rotation analysis was performed on 21 metacarpophalangeal joints from 11 horses. Manual and computerized methods were used to locate the instant center of rotation on photocopies of transparent composite tracings of a series of radiographs of each joint. The instant centers of rotation of the proximal phalanx about the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone were located consistently on or near the eminence for attachment of the collateral ligaments.

Articular cartilage blood vessels in swine osteochondrosis.

Perfusion studies in swine with early lesions of osteochondrosis demonstrated that lamellar areas of chondrocyte necrosis within reserve zones of growth areas occurred only in regions of nonperfused articular cartilage. Articular cartilage with a similar anatomical location was perfused in some animals. Occasionally, nonperfused articular cartilage showed vascular alterations within cartilage canals without evidence of significant perivascular or lamellar necrosis.

Effect of diet on longitudinal bone growth and osteochondrosis in swine.

Weanling gilts were fed either a 12% or 16% protein diet for 10 weeks. Animals fed the 12% protein diet had reduced body weights and reduced longitudinal bone growth as measured in the distal radial growth plate. There was no difference in the growth plate widths between the two animal groups, but there was a significant reduction in the daily rate of cell production in the proliferative zone of animals fed the 12% protein diet.

Feather and beak dystrophy and necrosis in cockatoos: clinicopathologic evaluations.

Several species of imported and captive-bred southeast Asian cockatoos with feather and beak disease (FBD) were evaluated. In recently emerging stained feathers from affected birds, intracytoplasmic magenta to basophilic inclusions of various sizes were found in macrophages and basophil-like cells within the pulp and feather epidermis. Occasionally, amphophilic intranuclear inclusions were seen within degenerated feather epidermal cells.

Canine diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.

The radiographic and necropsy findings in a case of canine diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis are reported. Radiographically, the disease was characterized by progressive development of para-articular mineral densities along joint surfaces of the appendicular skeleton; progressive osseous fusion of the ilium, pubis, femur, and ischium; and progressive flowing ossification of the dorsal spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae. The para-articular lesions were considered to develop as a consequence of fibrocartilaginous proliferation followed by endochondral ossification.

The use of cerebral ventriculography for verification of intracerebroventricular cannula placement in the live rat.

A technique using cerebral ventriculography for verification of intracerebroventricular cannula placement in the live rat is described. A radiopaque contrast medium, diatrizoate meglumine, was injected into the right lateral ventricle through a cannula stereotaxically implanted into the brain. Radiographic visualization of the radiopaque contrast material in the lateral ventricle and the subarachnoid space verified cannula placement.

Tarsal osteomyelitis in foals.

Nine foals with haematogenous osteomyelitis of the tarsal bones were studied clinically, radiologically and pathologically. Clinical examination, including aspiration of articular or periarticular effusions in the tarsal area, and radiological study provide definitive diagnosis in most cases.

Retained cartilage in the distal radial physis of foals.

Examination of growth plate defects in the distal radial physis of 13 foals three to 70 days of age revealed lesions in the lateral and medial aspects of the distal radial physis; the lateral defects were more numerous and obvious. Lesions consisted of widening of the zone of hypertrophying cells of the metaphyseal growth plate (retained cartilage), retained cartilage with discontinuity of cartilage and primary spongiosa, and microfracture of the primary spongiosa. In some foals, the cartilage retention was thought to be due to primary spongiosa microfracture, although fracture subsequent to cartilage abnormality was not excluded.

Microangiographic studies of metaphyseal vessels in young foals.

Selective perfusion and microangiographic examination of the radius and metacarpus of 30 foals were performed. Vessels of extraosseous origin supplying the peripheral part of the metaphysis were not demonstrated in young foals, but became more obvious in older animals. The development of this vessel system coincided with the reduction of transphyseal vessels from the epiphysis crossing the growth plate.