From marginal croplands to natural habitats: A methodological framework for assessing the restoration potential to enhance wild-bee pollination in agricultural landscapes.

Context: Intensive agriculture increases crop yields, but harms biodiversity and associated ecosystem services such as pollination. To sustain wild-bee pollination in intensive agricultural landscapes, a minimum of (semi-) natural habitat is needed in the vicinity of crop fields. However, restoration of (semi-) natural habitat is a challenge, especially when most land is allocated to commodity production.

Spatial-social familiarity complements the spatial-social interface: evidence from Yellowstone bison.

Social animals make behavioural decisions based on local habitat and conspecifics, as well as memorized past experience (i.e. 'familiarity') with habitat and conspecifics.

Investigating the role of adversity and benevolence beliefs in predicting prosociality.

Background: Does experiencing adversity engender kindness, and if so, for whom? Two studies tested the hypothesis that adversity predicts increased pro-social outcomes, and that this relationship is strongest for individuals who view others as good and trustworthy, or benevolent.

Method: In Study 1, a cross-sectional survey design was utilized, and in Study 2 a longitudinal survey was conducted.

Results: In Study 1 (N = 359), the number of lifetime adverse life events was associated with increased volunteering, empathic concern, and self-reported altruism.

Updates on Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) Closure.

Purpose Of Review: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been previously linked to left circulation thromboembolism and stroke. This review article aims to discuss the latest evidence, updated societal guidelines, diagnostic algorithms and novel therapeutic devices for PFO closure.

Recent Findings: PFO closure for cryptogenic stroke and systemic embolization is supported by a large body of evidence and has a strong societal recommendation.

Above and belowground carbon stocks among organic soil wetland types, accounting for peat bathymetry.

Wetlands are widely recognized for their carbon (C) sequestration capacity and importance at mitigating climate change. Yet, to best inform regional conservation planning, the variability of C stocks among wetland types and between above and belowground compartments requires further investigation. Additionally, the bathymetry of peat basins has often been ignored, with soil C stock calculations mostly relying on the thickest peat section, potentially leading to overestimates.

Performance Evaluation of a New Sport Watch in Sleep Tracking: A Comparison against Overnight Polysomnography in Young Adults.

: This study aimed to validate the ability of a prototype sport watch (Polar Electro Oy, FI) to recognize wake and sleep states in two trials with and without an interval training session (IT) 6 h prior to bedtime. : Thirty-six participants completed this study. Participants performed a maximal aerobic test and three polysomnography (PSG) assessments.

Internal consistency and reliability of the lifetime and modified current cognitive activity questionnaires and their association with cognitive performance: a six-year follow up of the Brain in Motion study.

Introduction: Cognitive activity questionnaires could provide insight into neurocognitive reserve. The Lifetime Cognitive Activities Questionnaire (LCAQ) assesses cognitive activities at four stages of life. The Modified Current Cognitive Activities Questionnaire (CCAQ) assesses current cognitive activities.

Blood pressure trajectory of inpatient stroke rehabilitation patients from the Determining Optimal Post-Stroke Exercise (DOSE) trial over the first 12 months post-stroke.

Background: High blood pressure (BP) is the primary risk factor for recurrent strokes. Despite established clinical guidelines, some stroke survivors exhibit uncontrolled BP over the first 12 months post-stroke. Furthermore, research on BP trajectories in stroke survivors admitted to inpatient rehabilitation hospitals is limited.

Mapping protein-exopolysaccharide binding interaction in biofilms by live cell proximity labeling.

Bacterial biofilms consist of cells encased in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composed of exopolysaccharides, extracellular DNA, and proteins that are critical for cell-cell adhesion and protect the cells from environmental stress, antibiotic treatments, and the host immune response. Degrading EPS components or blocking their production have emerged as promising strategies for prevention or dispersal of bacterial biofilms, but we still have little information about the specific biomolecular interactions that occur between cells and EPS components and how those interactions contribute to biofilm production. is a leading cause of nosocomial infections as a result of producing biofilms that use the exopolysaccharide poly-(1→6)-β--acetylglucosamine (PNAG) as a major structural component.

Dynamic balancing of risks and rewards in a large herbivore: Further extending predator-prey concepts to road ecology.

Animal behaviour is shaped by the ability to identify risks and profitably balance the levels of risks encountered with the payoffs experienced. Anthropogenic disturbances like roads generate novel risks and opportunities that wildlife must accurately perceive and respond to. Basic concepts in predator-prey ecology are often used to understand responses of animals to roads (e.

Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns.

COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions.

A diet rich in docosahexaenoic acid enhances reactive astrogliosis and ramified microglia morphology in apolipoprotein E epsilon 4-targeted replacement mice.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) consumption reduces spatial memory impairment in mice carrying the human apolipoprotein E ε4 () allele. The current study evaluated whether astrocyte and microglia morphology contribute to the mechanism of this result. and mice were fed either a DHA-enriched diet or a control diet from 4 to 12 months of age.

3-Year Outcomes After Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients With Aortic Stenosis.

Background: Randomized data comparing outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with surgery in low-surgical risk patients at time points beyond 2 years is limited. This presents an unknown for physicians striving to educate patients as part of a shared decision-making process.

Objectives: The authors evaluated 3-year clinical and echocardiographic outcomes from the Evolut Low Risk trial.

Gemcitabine promotes autophagy and lysosomal function through ERK- and TFEB-dependent mechanisms.

Gemcitabine is a first-line treatment agent for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Contributing to its cytotoxicity, this chemotherapeutic agent is primarily a DNA replication inhibitor that also induces DNA damage. However, its therapeutic effects are limited owing to chemoresistance.

OCT utilization: Summary statistics from the LightLab clinical initiative.

Objectives: The study describes the evolution of optical coherence tomography (OCT) adoption and performance during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) following implementation of a standardized LightLab (LL) workflow.

Background: The purpose of the LL Clinical Initiative was to evaluate the impact of a standardized workflow on physician efficiency, decision making, and image quality.

Methods: The LL Clinical Initiative is a multicenter, prospective, observational clinical program.

Setting Targets for Wetland Restoration to Mitigate Climate Change Effects on Watershed Hydrology.

How much wetland we should protect or restore is not a simple question, such that conservation targets are often set according to political agendas, then standardized globally. However, given their key regulating hydrological functions, wetlands represent nature-based solutions to the anticipated, exacerbating effect of climate change on drought and flood events, which will vary at the regional scale. Here, we propose a science-based approach to establishing regional wetland restoration targets centered on their hydrological functions, using a case study on several sub-watersheds of a northern temperate basin in south-eastern Canada.

Acute high altitude exposure, acclimatization and re-exposure on nocturnal breathing.

Effects of prolonged and repeated high-altitude exposure on oxygenation and control of breathing remain uncertain. We hypothesized that prolonged and repeated high-altitude exposure will improve altitude-induced deoxygenation and breathing instability. 21 healthy lowlanders, aged 18-30y, underwent two 7-day sojourns at a high-altitude station in Chile (4-8 hrs/day at 5,050 m, nights at 2,900 m), separated by a 1-week recovery period at 520 m.

The endoglycosidase activity of Dispersin B is mediated through electrostatic interactions with cationic poly-β-(1→6)-N-acetylglucosamine.

Bacterial biofilms consist of bacterial cells embedded within a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composed of exopolysaccharides, extra cellular DNA, proteins and lipids. The enzyme Dispersin B (DspB) is a CAZy type 20 β-hexosaminidase enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), a major biofilm polysaccharide produced by a wide variety of biofilm-forming bacteria. Native PNAG is partially de-N-acetylated, and the degree of deacetylation varies between species and dependent on the environment.

Differential effects of high-altitude exposure on markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and iron profiles.

High-altitude (HA) exposure may stimulate significant physiological and molecular changes, resulting in HA-related illnesses. HA may impact oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and iron homeostasis, yet it is unclear how both repeated exposure and HA acclimatization may modulate such effects. Therefore, we assessed the effects of weeklong repeated daily HA exposure (2,900-5,050 m) in altitude-naïve individuals ( = 21 individuals, 13 females, mean ± SD, 25.

Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force Report: A Systematic Review and Recommendations of Cannabis use in Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder.

Background: Given the increasing acceptability and legalization of cannabis in some jurisdictions, clinicians need to improve their understanding of the effect of cannabis use on mood disorders.

Objective: The purpose of this task force report is to examine the association between cannabis use and incidence, presentation, course and treatment of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, and the treatment of comorbid cannabis use disorder.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searching PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to October 2020 focusing on cannabis use and bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder, and treatment of comorbid cannabis use disorder.