How sensitive are protein hydration shells to electrolyte concentration and protein composition?

Proteins of obligate halophilic organisms have an unusually high number of acidic amino acids, thought to enable them to function in multimolar KCl environments. Clarifying the molecular scale mechanisms by which this occurs is relevant for biotechnology, to enable enzymatic synthesis of economically important small molecules in salty environments and other environments with low water activity. Previous studies have suggested that acidic amino acids are necessary at high salt concentration to keep the proteins hydrated by competing with the ions in solution for available water (the "solvent-only" model).

Health-Promoting Schools Project for Palestine Children's Oral Health.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to assess the oral health outcome of a 2-year comprehensive school oral health programme based on school-health education combined with supervised toothbrushing using 1450-ppm fluoride toothpaste amongst schoolchildren in Palestine.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study (2016-2018) recruited 3939 schoolchildren aged 5 to 6 years from 30 intervention schools (n = 2333) and 31 comparison schools (n = 1606). At baseline and postintervention, mothers and schoolteachers completed World Health Organization (WHO) self-administered questionnaires about oral health of children, oral health behaviour, and family factors.

Narrow homogeneous linewidths and slow cooling dynamics across infrared intra-band transitions in n-doped HgSe colloidal quantum dots.

Intra-band transitions in colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising for opto-electronic applications in the mid-IR spectral region. However, such intra-band transitions are typically very broad and spectrally overlapping, making the study of individual excited states and their ultrafast dynamics very challenging. Here, we present the first full spectrum two-dimensional continuum infrared (2D CIR) spectroscopy study of intrinsically n-doped HgSe QDs, which exhibit mid-infrared intra-band transitions in their ground state.

On the Trail of Molecular Hydrophilicity and Hydrophobicity at Aqueous Interfaces.

Uncovering microscopic hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity at heterogeneous aqueous interfaces is essential as it dictates physico/chemical properties such as wetting, the electrical double layer, and reactivity. Several molecular and spectroscopic descriptors were proposed, but a major limitation is the lack of connections between them. Here, we combine density functional theory-based MD simulations (DFT-MD) and SFG spectroscopy to explore how interfacial water responds in contact with self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of tunable hydrophilicity.

Probing the Gold/Water Interface with Surface-Specific Spectroscopy.

Water is an integral component in electrochemistry, in the generation of the electric double layer, and in the propagation of the interfacial electric fields into the solution; however, probing the molecular-level structure of interfacial water near functioning electrode surfaces remains challenging. Due to the surface-specificity, sum-frequency-generation (SFG) spectroscopy offers an opportunity to investigate the structure of water near working electrochemical interfaces but probing the hydrogen-bonded structure of water at this buried electrode-electrolyte interface was thought to be impossible. Propagating the laser beams through the solvent leads to a large attenuation of the infrared light due to the absorption of water, and interrogating the interface by sending the laser beams through the electrode normally obscures the SFG spectra due to the large nonlinear response of conduction band electrons.

Improving oral health of children in four Balkan countries: A qualitative study among health professionals.

Unlabelled: Data from the WHO show that the oral health situation for children in the Balkan region of Europe is poor. This study aims to identify obstacles that prevent the implementation of an effective oral health program for children in the Balkan area. The study investigates the challenges that people encounter in increasing awareness, attending to dental care, and complying with examinations.

Schoolteachers for Action Against HIV/AIDS-related Oral Disease of Children in Africa.

Purpose: The intention of the study was to evaluate whether Sub-Saharan schoolteachers may play a key role in oral health promotion of primary schoolchildren, particularly in terms of prevention of HIV/AIDS-related oral health problems.

Materials And Methods: The study examined the level of knowledge about oral disease and the prevention of HIV/AIDS oral lesions amongst schoolteachers of Tanzania and Burkina Faso, identified their sources of information, and evaluated their ability for HIV/AIDS intervention. A multi-centre cross-sectional study was implemented in the two Sub-Saharan African countries.

Wedge-Based Design for Phase Stable and Phase Accurate Heterodyne-Detected Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy.

Phase sensitive and heterodyne-detected (HD) sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy offers the ability to separate the nonlinear susceptibility into its real and imaginary components. This provides information about the absolute orientation of molecules at interfaces while also producing an absorptive spectrum that is linear in spectral composition and can easily be decomposed into different spectral components. However, simultaneously obtaining phase accuracy and phase stability remains a challenge in SFG.

Oral Health Status and Oral Health Behaviour among 5- to 6-year-old Palestinian Schoolchildren - Towards Engagement of Parents and Schoolteachers for Oral Health through Schools.

Purpose: 1. To assess the oral health status and health behaviour of 5- to 6-year-oldchildren and the influence of socio-behavioural factors on oral health among children, and 2. evaluate dental knowledge and attitudes related to oral health promotion of children among mothers and schoolteachers in Palestine.

Full spectrum 2D IR spectroscopy reveals below-gap absorption and phonon dynamics in the mid-IR bandgap semiconductor InAs.

While the mid-infrared spectral region spans more than 3000 cm, ultrafast mid-IR spectroscopies are normally limited to the spectral bandwidth that can be generated in optical parametric amplifiers-typically a few hundred cm. As such, the spectral coverage in conventional two dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy captures only about 1% of the full potential 2D mid-IR spectrum. Here, we present 2D IR spectra using a continuum source as both the excitation and probe pulses, thus capturing close to the full 2D IR spectrum.

Trends in dentate status and preventive dental visits of the adult population in Denmark over 30 years (1987-2017).

This study analyzed the trend in self-reported dentate status over 30 years (1987-2017) among Danish adults, the self-reported frequencies of preventive dental visits undertaken annually during the period 1987-2013, and the self-reported use of the 2016 recall scheme for preventive dental check-ups. The impact of social determinants (education, employment, civil status, and ethnic background) on these dental outcome variables in 2017 was explored. Questionnaire data were obtained from the Danish Health and Morbidity Surveys conducted from 1987-2017, and they were analyzed by tri-variate frequency distributions and multivariate analyses.

Twenty-four-hour fluid administration in emergency department patients with suspected infection: A multicenter, prospective, observational study.

Background: To describe 24-hour fluid administration in emergency department (ED) patients with suspected infection.

Methods: A prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted in three Danish hospitals, January 20 to March 2, 2020. We included consecutive adult ED patients with suspected infection (drawing of blood culture and/or intravenous antibiotic administration within 6 hours of admission).

'MI' reflections on a pandemic-governed 2020.

Oral/dental healthcare delivery in the post-pandemic era will be different, with challenges to overcome and positive opportunities to take. Managing the needs, wants and expectations of all stakeholders must be communicated and actioned effectively, moving forwards. It is the responsibility of all stakeholders to work together to help provide high quality, evidence-based pragmatic oral healthcare delivery for the future.

Global application of oral disease prevention and health promotion as measured 10 years after the 2007 World Health Assembly statement on oral health.

Objectives: The WHO World Health Assembly established in 2007 a Resolution (WHA60.17) on oral health, which called upon countries to ensure that public health actions for disease prevention and health promotion are established. The objective of the present survey undertaken 10 years later (2017-2018) was to measure the application of such programmes for key population age groups in low-, middle- and high-income countries.

Epidemiology of Dental Caries and Disease Prevention Among 12-Year-Olds in Slovenia Over Thirty Years (1987-2017).

Purpose: The first large-scale epidemiological survey on dental caries in Slovenia was conducted in 1987 and repeated in 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013 and 2017, using the same methodology. The aim of the study was to examine the trend of caries in 12-year-olds in Slovenia during a 30-year time period. The changes over time in caries experience were compared with disease trends observed in other European countries.

Carrier prevalence and risk factors for colonisation of multiresistant bacteria in Danish emergency departments: a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the carrier prevalence and demographic variation of four different multiresistant bacteria (MRB) among acute patients in Danish emergency departments (EDs): methicillin-resistant (MRSA), carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria (CPE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (ESBL) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and to analyse the association of MRB carriage to a range of potential risk factors.

Design: Multicentre descriptive and analytic cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Eight EDs and four clinical microbiology departments in Denmark.

Heterodyne-detected sum frequency generation of water at surfaces with varying hydrophobicity.

Aqueous surfaces mediate many atmospheric, biological, and technological processes. At the interface, the bulk hydrogen-bonding network is terminated and the interfacial water molecules restructure according to the surface chemistry of the interface. Given the complexity of both natural and technical aqueous interfaces, self-assembled monolayers provide a platform for controllably tuning the chemical composition of the surface and thus the water restructuring.

Remote Real-Time Ultrasound Supervision via Commercially Available and Low-Cost Tele-Ultrasound: a Mixed Methods Study of the Practical Feasibility and Users' Acceptability in an Emergency Department.

Minor emergency departments (ED) struggle to access sufficient expertise to supervise learners of lung and cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). Using tele-ultrasound (tele-US) for remote supervision may remedy this situation. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of real-time supervision via tele-US when applied to an everyday ED clinic.

Childhood trampoline injuries.

Introduction: With the increasing use of recreational trampolines, more injuries are seen in emergency depart-ments (ED). Little is known about the relationship between adherence to safety precautions and injuries. This retro-spective study aims to describe the types of injuries and the precautions taken when using trampolines, and to investigate the relationship between injuries and safety precautions.

Remote real-time supervision via tele-ultrasound in focused cardiac ultrasound: A single-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Supervision via tele-ultrasound presents a remedy for lacking on-site supervision in focused cardiac ultrasound, but knowledge of its impact is largely absent. We aimed to investigate tele-supervised physicians' cine-loop quality compared to that of non-supervised physicians and compared to that of experts.

Methods: We conducted a single-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial in an emergency department in western Denmark.

Cross sectional study of multiresistant bacteria in Danish emergency departments: prevalence, patterns and risk factors for colonization (AB-RED project).

Background: Multiresistant bacteria (MRB) is an increasing problem. Early identification of patients with MRB is mandatory to avoid transmission and to target the antibiotic treatment. The emergency department (ED) is a key player in the early identification of patients who are colonized with MRB.

Promoting Oral Health and Quality of Life of Older People - The Need for Public Health Action.

Purpose: This report intends to review the global burden of oral disease among older people and to examine their oral health needs. The evidence on the inter-relationships between poor oral health conditions of older people, general health and quality of life is highlighted. Finally, WHO strategies to improve oral health of older people are reviewed.

Associations of physical activity with childhood asthma, a population study based on the WHO - health behaviour in school-aged children survey.

Background: Asthma in paediatric populations is one of the highest public health concerns. In this study of children and adolescents, we hypothesized that low levels of physical activity (PA) would show associations with asthma that vary by asthma outcome. The objective was to assess whether PA was associated with and/or .

Vibrational tug-of-war: The pK dependence of the broad vibrational features of strongly hydrogen-bonded carboxylic acids.

Medium and strong hydrogen bonds give rise to broad vibrational features frequently spanning several hundred wavenumbers and oftentimes exhibiting unusual substructures. These broad vibrational features can be modeled from first principles, in a reduced dimensional calculation, that adiabatically separates low-frequency modes, which modulate the hydrogen bond length, from high-frequency OH stretch and bend modes that contribute to the vibrational structure. Previously this method was used to investigate the origin of an unusual vibrational feature frequently found in the spectra of dimers between carboxylic acids and nitrogen-containing aromatic bases that spans over 900 cm and contains two broad peaks.